Environmental life cycle assessment of the production in China of lithium-ion batteries with nickel-cobalt-manganese cathodes utilising novel electrode chemistries
Environmental life cycle assessment of the production in China of lithium-ion batteries with nickel-cobalt-manganese cathodes utilising novel electrode chemistries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120067
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
E. Kallitsis;A. Korre;G. Kelsall;Magdalena Kupfersberger;Zhenggang Nie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Kallitsis;A. Korre;G. Kelsall;Magdalena Kupfersberger;Zhenggang Nie
锂离子电池（LIB）技术的进步，提供更高的质量比能量，体积能量密度，电势差和能源效率，是大规模采用电动汽车（EV）的关键推动因素。镍-钴-锰氧化物（NCM）阴极配方已经成为电池工业中的主要选择。预计硅石墨复合阳极和富镍阴极的引入将进一步提高性能，同时通过扩大电池制造规模来降低成本。这项工作介绍了生命周期评估的结果，涉及与生产新型电极电池相关的环境负担和中国在锂离子电池制造中的主导地位的影响。在中国生产LIBs的环境成本比早期文献显示的高出40%，全球变暖潜能值（GWP）。新型电池显示出与商业化电池类似的对人类和生态系统的威胁，主要来自电池中使用的金属;由于新型电池技术的标称存储容量增加，环境影响减少。提出的可复制模型提供了量化LIB生产对环境影响的方法，包括具有新型电极化学的LIB，并提供了强大的决策手段，以补充针对LIB性能改进和成本降低的科学和工程开发。
Advances in lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, offering higher mass specific energies, volumetric energy densities, potential differences and energy efficiencies, are key enablers of the large-scale uptake of electric vehicles (EVs). Nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (NCM) cathode formulations have emerged as the dominant choice in the battery industry. Further performance improvements are expected from the introduction of silicon-graphite composite anodes and nickel-rich cathodes alongside cost reductions achieved through upscaling the battery manufacturing. This work presents results of life cycle assessments concerning the environmental burdens associated with the production of novel electrode batteries and the impacts of the Chinese domination in lithium-ion battery manufacturing. The production of LIBs in China was shown to come at a high environmental cost of 40% higher Global Warming Potential (GWP) than earlier literature suggests. The novel batteries were shown to exhibit similar threats to humans and ecosystems as the commercialised ones, occurring mainly from the metals used in the battery cells; environmental impact reductions are shown to occur as a result of the increased nominal storage capacities of novel battery technologies. The replicable model presented provides the means to quantify the environmental impacts of production of LIBs including those with novel electrode chemistries and offers robust means of decision making that complement scientific and engineering developments targeting LIB performance improvements and cost reductions.