The distribution and abundance of the British fungal‐breeding Drosophila
The distribution and abundance of the British fungal‐breeding Drosophila
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英国真菌育种果蝇的分布和丰度
DOI：
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Charlesworth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Shorrocks;P. Charlesworth
摘要/ Abstract摘要：本文通过诱蝇法和收集含有幼虫期的真菌子实体，研究了5种在真菌中繁殖的果蝇的分布和丰度。物种频率的变化遵循时间（季节和年）模式，而不是空间（森林之间和森林内部）模式。3 .小叶田鼠有规律的日活动模式，而白田鼠则没有。温度、光照强度、湿度和风速对白顶菊的日常活动没有影响。只有温度会影响小叶草的活性。在收集到的125种真菌中，只有48种产生了果蝇。然而，果蝇的选择性更强，因为只有五种真菌（Phallus impudicus, Polyporus squamosus, Amanita rubescens， Pluteus cervinus和Lactarius quietus）产生了80%的果蝇。最常见的品种，d.p eralerata，每年繁殖两到三代，冬季滞育。给出了每年生命周期的概要，并指出了每一代的主要繁殖地。根据单个果体数据计算的生态位重叠量很低，表明5种昆虫在幼虫期被有效隔离。这种生态隔离是通过几个生态位维度、林地、季节、真菌种类和个体子实体差异的总和来实现的。
Abstract. 1 The distribution and abundance of five Drosophila species breeding in fungi are examined by attracting adult flies to baited traps and collecting fungal fruit bodies containing the larval stages. 2 Changes in species frequency follow a temporal (seasonal and yearly), rather than a spatial (between and within woods) pattern. 3 There is a regular diurnal pattern of activity in D.subobscura but not in D.phalerata. Temperature, light intensity, humidity and wind speed have no effect upon the daily activity of D.phalerata. Only temperature affects the activity of D.subobscura. 4 Out of 125 species of fungi collected, only forty‐eight species produced Drosophila. However, the flies are even more selective, since only five species of fungi (Phallus impudicus, Polyporus squamosus, Amanita rubescens, Pluteus cervinus and Lactarius quietus) produce 80% of all Drosophila reared. 5 The commonest species, D.phalerata, has two or three generations per year with a winter diapause. An outline of the yearly life cycle is given, with the major breeding sites for each generation indicated. 6 Measures of niche overlap calculated from the data on individual fruit bodies are very low, suggesting that the five species are effectively isolated during the larval period. This ecological isolation is achieved by a summation of several niche dimensions, woodlands, seasons, fungal species, and individual fruiting body differences.