Fractured, Fragmented Federalism: A Study in Fracking Regulatory Policy
Fractured, Fragmented Federalism: A Study in Fracking Regulatory Policy
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支离破碎的联邦制：水力压裂监管政策研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jennifer Shapiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barbara R. Warner;Jennifer Shapiro
与其他重工业的监管不同，水力压裂法（公司在页岩中制造裂缝以提取天然气、石油或其他物质）一直不受联邦管辖，将监管权留给了各州，而各州似乎很容易被能源利益集团所控制。随着水力压裂技术的扩大，变得更加复杂，并产生了相当大的争议，一些州试图推翻地方政府实施更严格法规的努力。公民和活动人士通过法院寻求补救，一些州正在为跨州运输废物处理而斗争。这是一个支离破碎的联邦主义的故事，它说明了受监管的利益集团所扮演的关键角色，这些利益集团更喜欢州政府而不是联邦政府的监管，导致了一个多变的、往往是软弱的州监管制度。版权所有2013，牛津大学出版社。
Unlike the regulation of other heavy industries, fracking--in which companies create cracks in shale rock to extract gas, oil, or other substances--has been exempted from federal reach, leaving regulation to the states, which appear vulnerable to capture by energy interests. As fracking has expanded, become more complex, and generated considerable controversy, some states have sought to quash local government efforts to impose more stringent regulations. Citizens and activists have sought redress through the courts, and some states are fighting over the transport of waste disposal across state lines. The story is one of fractured, fragmented federalism that illustrates the key role played by regulated interests that prefer state to federal regulation, resulting in a variable, often weak state regulatory regime. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.