Effects of semantically related and unrelated contexts on recognition memory of different-aged adults.
Effects of semantically related and unrelated contexts on recognition memory of different-aged adults.
复制标题
语义相关和不相关上下文对不同年龄成年人识别记忆的影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Hess
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Hess
本研究通过两个实验考察了成年人在使用语境信息方面的年龄差异。在实验1中，语境影响的语义特征的编码进行了检查，并观察到的编码的目标词由年轻人和老年人的上下文提供的语义信息的影响。然而，老年人确实犯了更多的语义混淆错误，这表明编码的独特性较低。语言能力也影响表现，能力组之间的差异与年龄组之间的差异相似。在实验2中，目标词被呈现在语义无关的上下文中，老年人被发现在这种情况下不编码上下文信息。实验1中老年人的语境效应可能是由于目标与语境的关系而自动激活非特定词义特征。当没有这样熟悉的背景存在时，老年人不太可能使用背景信息。
Two experiments were conducted to examine adult age differences in the use of context information. In Experiment 1, the encoding of contextually influenced semantic features was examined, and the encodings of target words by both young and old adults were observed to be influenced by semantic information provided by the context. Older adults did make more semantic confusion errors, however, suggesting less distinctive encoding. Verbal ability also influenced performance, with the difference between ability groups being similar to that between age groups. In Experiment 2, target words were presented in semantically unrelated contexts, and older adults were found not to encode contextual information in this situation. It is hypothesized that the older adults' context effects in Experiment 1 were due to automatic activation of nonspecific word meaning features due to the relation between target and context. When no such familiar context existed, the older adults were less likely to use context information.