Trade liberalization and wage inequality: Evidence from Chile
Trade liberalization and wage inequality: Evidence from Chile
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贸易自由化和工资不平等：来自智利的证据
DOI：
10.1080/09638199.2020.1871502
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Murakami Yoshimichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jonathan Cogliano;Soh Kaneko;Roberto Veneziani;and Naoki Yoshihara;Taisuke Nakata;北村友宏;阪本浩章;Murakami Yoshimichi
这项研究分析了21世纪头10年，区域贸易协定激增导致的进一步关税削减对智利熟练工人和非熟练工人之间工资不平等的影响。我将行业层面的有效关税税率的面板数据和从工厂层面的微观数据计算的其他行业变量与行业层面的全国家庭调查的汇总个人横截面数据进行匹配。基于这一独特的数据集，我在一个阶段估计了有效关税对工人工资的直接影响。我发现，降低最终产品的有效关税会导致行业工资和技能溢价的增加。此外，对于受雇于大型公司的熟练工人来说，这对行业技能溢价的影响更大。因此，研究结果表明，由于降低出口关税而导致的进口竞争加剧，导致行业内技能提升，从而增加了对熟练工人的需求。这一结果对于有效关税的可能内生性和行业层面的生产率的纳入是强有力的。
This study analyzes the impacts of further tariff reductions resulting from the proliferation of regional trade agreements on wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers in Chile in the 2000s. I match panel data on industry-level effective tariff rates and other industry variables calculated from plant-level microdata to pooled individual cross-section data from national household surveys at the industry level. Based on this unique data set, I estimate the impacts of effective tariffs on workers’ wages directly in one stage. I find that a reduction in effective tariffs on final goods leads to an increase in industry wage and skill premiums. Moreover, the impact on the industry skill premiums is larger for skilled workers employed in large-sized firms. Therefore, the findings indicate that increased import competition due to reductions in output tariffs leads to skill upgrading within industries, thereby increasing demand for skilled workers. The results are robust to the possible endogeneity of effective tariffs and the inclusion of industry-level productivity.