Visual Information Pianists Use for Efficient Score Reading
Visual Information Pianists Use for Efficient Score Reading
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02192
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发表时间：
2018-11-22
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Sakaguchi, Yutaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aiba, Eriko;Sakaguchi, Yutaka
在视奏音乐时，钢琴家必须解码大量的音符，并立即将它们转化为手指动作。他们是如何实现如此快速的解码的？钢琴家可以使用乐谱中包含的几何特征，例如音符之间的距离，以提高他们阅读乐谱的效率。本研究旨在探讨钢琴家在阅读音乐时所依赖的视觉资讯。我们测量了16位钢琴家的乐谱阅读准确性，并探讨了其与几何特征的关系。当一个音符被呈现出来时，钢琴家们很容易读到它，当它位于三个分类帐行之内时。当呈现具有八度音程的两个音符时，有趣的是，与单个音符相比，它们的可读范围被扩展。钢琴家也能够正确地识别八度音程，即使他们误读了目标音符的高度（或音高）。这些结果表明，钢琴家解码两个音符组成一个八度音程作为一个单一的“双音几何图案。“通过分析错误反应的特征，我们还发现钢琴家利用了音符头部和基线之间的空间关系的几何特征，而误读的原因可以分为四种类型：[类型I]对具有相同基线配置的相邻音符的混淆; [类型II]来自具有相同音符名称的常用高度音符的干扰; [类型II]来自具有相同音符名称的常用高度音符的干扰; [类型III]来自具有相同音符名称的相邻音符的干扰。【第三类】基于出现概率的误解;【第四类】以上三者的结合。这些结果都表明，钢琴家的乐谱阅读能力在很大程度上依赖于钢琴家通过长期训练所获得的几何特征与演奏动作之间的相关性。
When sight-reading music, pianists have to decode a large number of notes and immediately transform them into finger actions. How do they achieve such fast decoding? Pianists may use geometrical features contained in the musical score, such as the distance between notes, to improve their efficiency in reading them. The aim of this study is to investigate the visual information pianists rely on when reading music. We measured the accuracy of the musical score reading of 16 skilled pianists and investigated its relationship with the geometrical features. When a single note was presented, pianists easily read it when it was located within three ledger lines. When two notes with an octave interval were presented, interestingly, their readable range was extended compared to that of the single note. The pianists were also able to recognize the octave interval correctly even if they misread the height (or pitch) of the target notes. These results suggest that the pianists decoded two notes composing an octave interval as a single "two-tone geometric pattern." Analyzing the characteristics of incorrect responses, we also found that pianists used the geometrical features of the spatial relationship between the note head and the ledger line, and that the cause of the misreading could be categorized into four types: [Type I] Confusion to a neighboring note having the same ledger line configuration; [Type II] Interference from a commonly used height note having the same note name; [Type III] Misunderstanding based on the appearance probability; [Type IV] Combination of the above three. These results all indicate that the pianists' abilities in score reading rely greatly on the correlation between the geometric features and playing action, which the pianists acquired through long-time training.