The pig's nose and its role in dominance relationships and harmful behaviour
The pig's nose and its role in dominance relationships and harmful behaviour
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2013.02.008
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Turner, S. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camerlink, I.;Turner, S. P.
从属行为可能在许多行为过程中起着至关重要的作用。猪(Sus Scrofa)几乎所有的社会行为过程中都会发生群体成员之间的轻柔嗅觉，但其表现的原因尚不清楚。我们用80头杂交猪研究了猪之间的嗅觉是否与优势关系或有害行为(如操纵尾巴)有关。在8周龄时(每栏10头猪)对饲养在稻草圈中的雄性和雌性进行了研究。优势度等级由饲料竞争试验确定。对焦点猪的行为进行观察，每头猪共观察2小时。在2小时内，猪平均36次+/-3次地嗅其圈养伙伴，并且鼻子的行为主要是鼻子对鼻子的接触、鼻子头部和身体，而不是鼻子耳朵、腹股沟、尾巴或无生殖器区域。这种以猪为导向的温柔的鼻子行为，即用鼻子轻轻触摸另一个人，在这里被定义为社交鼻子。优势关系并不影响发出或接受鼻音的数量。社交诽谤在很大程度上与有害行为无关。鼻闻尾巴与咬尾巴相关(r(S)=0.37)，但只有0.3%的社交场合会出现这种行为。发出大量鼻音的猪并没有受到更少的攻击性，也没有得到更多的鼻音作为回报。我们认为，猪可能会互相嗅探对方的社会认可，作为从属行为，以获得嗅觉信号，或满足对鼻子的内在需求。总而言之，猪的社会嗅觉在很大程度上与有害行为无关，与优势关系无关，应该在很大程度上保持不受养殖系统中有害行为最小化的努力的影响。(C)2013爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Affiliative behaviour may have an essential role in many behavioural processes. Gently nosing between group members occurs in almost all social behavioural processes of pigs (Sus scrofa), but the reasons for its performance are unclear. We examined whether nosing between pigs was related to dominance relationships or harmful behaviours such as manipulation of the tail using 80 crossbred pigs. Both males and females, housed in straw pens, were studied at 8 weeks of age (10 pigs/pen). Dominance ranks were determined by a feed competition test. The behaviour of 64 focal pigs was observed for 2 h per pig in total. Pigs nosed their pen mates on average 36 +/- 3 times within 2 h, and nosing behaviour mainly consisted of nose-to-nose contact, nosing the head and nosing the body, rather than nosing the ear, groin, tail or ano-genital region. These gentle pig-directed nosing behaviours, i.e. gently touching another individual with the snout, was here defined as social nosing. Dominance relationships did not influence the amount of nosing given or received. Social nosing was largely unrelated to harmful behaviour. Nosing the tail correlated with tail biting (r(s) = 0.37), but only 0.3 percent of social nosing was followed by this behaviour. Pigs which delivered much nosing did not receive less aggression, and nor did they receive a heightened amount of nosing in return. We suggest that pigs may nose each other for social recognition, as affiliative behaviour, to gain olfactory signals, or to satisfy an intrinsic need to nose. In conclusion, social nosing in pigs was largely unrelated to harmful behaviours, was not related to dominance relationships and should remain largely unaffected by efforts to minimise harmful behaviours in farming systems. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.