Acquisition of motor skills: information processing differences between children and adults.
Acquisition of motor skills: information processing differences between children and adults.
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运动技能的获得：儿童和成人之间的信息处理差异。
DOI：
10.1080/02701367.1980.10609281
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Jerry R. Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jerry R. Thomas
这篇综述的目的是讨论一个额外的因素，改变整个童年到青春期，并影响运动性能：处理信息的能力，即记忆系统的操作。大量证据表明，信息处理的变化在与发展相关的表现（包括语言和运动）的改善中占很大比例，特别令人感兴趣的是，随着儿童的成熟，处理信息的策略和控制过程变得更加有效（Chi，1976; Ornstein，1978; Ornstein & Naus，1978）。相当多的证据表明，使用以下过程的效率随着年龄的增长而增加：任务特定策略的发展;策略的适当应用;以及排练（主动练习），命名（标签），分组（组块）和编码（编码，重新编码）的一般策略（以下简称为控制过程）的使用。更有效地使用这些策略和控制过程将影响电机性能似乎是显而易见的，但将在本文后面详细阐述。此外，儿童在长期记忆（LTM）的内容方面比成人更有限。儿童在LTM中的知识基础在三个方面与成人不同（Chi，1976）：缺乏可识别的组块，组块的大小，
The purpose of this review is to discuss an additional factor that changes across childhood through adolescence and affects motor performance: the ability to process information, ie, operation of the memory system. Substantial evidence indicates that a change in information processing accounts for a significant proportion of the variance in improved performance (both verbal and motor) associated with development.Of special interest is the fact that strategies and control processes for handling information become more effective as children mature (Chi, 1976; Ornstein, 1978; Ornstein & Naus, 1978). Considerable evidence will be presented that efficiency in using the following processes increases with age: development of task specific strategies; appropriate application of strategies; and the use of the general strategies (referred to hereafter as control processes) of rehearsal (active practice), naming (labeling), grouping (chunking), and coding (encoding, recoding). That the more efficient use of these strategies and control processes will affect motor performance seems apparent but will be elaborated upon later in this paper. In addition, children are more limited than adults in the contents of long-term memory (LTM). The child’s knowledge base in LTM differs from adults in three ways (Chi, 1976): the absence of a recognizable chunk, the size of the chunk, and the