Improving the utilization factor of a PEM electrolyzer powered by a 15 MW PV park by combining wind power and battery storage – Feasibility study
Improving the utilization factor of a PEM electrolyzer powered by a 15 MW PV park by combining wind power and battery storage – Feasibility study
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通过结合风力发电和电池存储提高由 15 MW 光伏电站供电的 PEM 电解槽的利用率 - 可行性研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.07.069
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Chris Develder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Papadopoulos;J. Desmet;J. Knockaert;Chris Develder
到目前为止，比利时最大的光伏园区已通过与电力供应商签订的购电协议将所有能源注入配电网。由于批发电价不断下降且波动较大，光伏园区的工业合作伙伴/业主正在考虑储氢，以试图提高其可再生能源装置的价值主张。目前工作的一个主要目标是展示当供电系统仅由可再生能源组成而不使用电网时，电解槽的利用率如何受到供电系统设计的影响。通过将现有的光伏电源与风力发电和最先进的储能技术（钒氧化还原流或锂 NMC）相结合，开发了不同的混合设计。最后，研究了四种场景，均考虑 1 MW PEM 电解槽：A) 15 MW PV，B) 15 MW PV，2 MW 风能，C) 15 MW PV，2 MW 风能，电池，D) 15 MW PV，15 MW 风能。每种情况的利用率分别如下：A) 41,5%，B) 65,5%，C) 66,0–86,0%，D) 82,0%。此外，分析还扩展到包括经济评估（即投资回收期、累计利润），特别是关于情景 B 和 C。本研究的结果得出了许多结论，例如： i）当供电间歇时，电解槽的利用率受到限制。 ii) 与光伏相比，风电对利用率提高的贡献更大，iii) 只有储能系统共存才能实现100%利用率。 iv) 如果氢气售价高于 5 欧元/公斤，利用率为 65.5%，情景 B 可以在不到 8 年的时间内实现投资回收期。本文的最后一部分对所有结论进行了分析概述。
So far, the biggest photovoltaic park in Belgium has been injecting all its energy into the electric distribution grid through a power purchase agreement with an electricity supplier. Due to decreasing and volatile wholesale electricity prices, the industrial partners/owners of the photovoltaic park are considering hydrogen storage in an attempt to increase the value proposition of their renewable energy installation. A major objective of the present work is to show how the utilization factor of the electrolyzer is affected by the design of the power supply system when the latter consists only of renewable energy sources instead of using the electric grid. Different hybrid designs were developed, by combining the existing photovoltaic source with wind power and state-of-the-art energy storage technologies (Vanadium Redox Flow or Lithium NMC). Finally, four scenarios were investigated, all considering a 1 MW PEM electrolyzer: A) 15 MW PV, B) 15 MW PV, 2MW Wind, C) 15 MW PV, 2 MW Wind, Battery, D) 15 MW PV, 15 MW Wind. The utilization factor was found as follows, for each scenario respectively: A) 41,5%, B) 65,5%, C) 66,0–86,0%, D) 82,0%. Furthermore, the analysis was extended to include economic evaluations (i.e. payback period, accumulated profit), specifically concerning scenario B and C. The results of this study lead to a number of conclusions such as: i) The utilization of the electrolyzer is limited when its power supply is intermittent. ii) Compared to PV, wind power makes larger contribution to the increase of the utilization factor, iii) 100% utilization can be achieved only if an energy storage system co-exists. iv) With a utilization factor at 65,5% scenario B can deliver a payback period in less than 8 years, if hydrogen is sold above 5€/kg. An analytic overview of all conclusions is presented in the last section of the paper.