Social Performance: Introduction: symbolic action in theory and practice: the cultural pragmatics of symbolic action
Social Performance: Introduction: symbolic action in theory and practice: the cultural pragmatics of symbolic action
复制标题
社会表现：简介：理论与实践中的象征行动：象征行动的文化语用学
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511616839.001
复制
发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Jason L. Mast
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jeffrey Alexander;Jason L. Mast
理论与实践的问题不仅渗透到政治中，而且渗透到文化中，在文化中，理论的类似物是社会象征文本，即日常代码、叙事和修辞结构的集合，它们是解释学重建的对象。实践理论家强调行动而不是理论，他们对每一个社会行动的深层文本性视而不见（Bourdieu 1984; Swidler 1986; Turner 2002）。但同样扭曲的近视已经影响了另一边的视力。纯粹的诠释（例如，狄尔泰（Dilthey，1976）;利科（Ricoeur，1976）倾向于忽视在真实的世界中实例化理想的物质问题。正如马克思（1972：145）在他关于费尔巴哈的第十篇论文中所写的那样，真理是，虽然理论和实践是不同的，但它们总是必然地交织在一起的。理论和实践在日常生活中交织在一起，而不仅仅是在社会理论和社会科学中。在接下来的章节中，我们将看到，有权势的社会行动者以一种直观的、民族志的和实际的方式理解了本导言中提出的概念问题。例如，在弹劾和捍卫克林顿总统的激烈和决定性的努力中（马斯特，第3章），个人、组织和政党“本能地”以生动和引人注目的方式将他们的行动与背景文化挂钩，努力创造一种真诚和真实的印象，而不是一种计算和人为的印象，以实现逼真。社会运动的公众示威（Eyerman，第6章）也表现出类似的表演逻辑。运动组织者强烈意识到媒体组织对象征性分配意义的控制，指导他们的参与者以传达他们是值得的，承诺的方式表现，并决心获得更大的政治社区的接受和包容。在南非从种族隔离向民主的过渡期间（古德曼，第5章），犯罪者的供词和受害者对失踪亲属、流离失所和酷刑的激烈叙述
The question of theory and practice permeates not only politics but culture, where the analogue for theory is the social-symbolic text, the bundle of everyday codes, narratives, and rhetorical configurings that are the objects of hermeneutic reconstruction. Emphasizing action over its theory, praxis theorists have blinded themselves to the deeply embedded textuality of every social action (Bourdieu 1984; Swidler 1986; Turner 2002). But a no less distorting myopia has affected the vision from the other side. The pure hermeneut (e.g., Dilthey 1976; Ricoeur 1976) tends to ignore the material problem of instantiating ideals in the real world. The truth, as Marx (1972: 145) wrote in his tenth thesis on Feuerbach, is that, while theory and practice are different, they are always necessarily intertwined. Theory and practice are interwoven in everyday life, not only in social theory and social science. In the following chapters, we will see that powerful social actors understand the conceptual issues presented in this introduction in an intuitive, ethnographic, and practical way. In the intense and fateful efforts to impeach and to defend President Clinton (Mast, ch. 3), for instance, individuals, organizations, and parties moved “instinctively” to hook their actions into the background culture in a lively and compelling manner, working to create an impression of sincerity and authenticity rather than one of calculation and artificiality, to achieve verisimilitude. Social movements’ public demonstrations (Eyerman, ch. 6) display a similar performative logic. Movement organizers, intensely aware ofmedia organizations’ control over themeans of symbolic distribution, direct their participants to perform in ways that will communicate that they are worthy, committed, and determined to achieve acceptance and inclusion from the larger political community. And during South Africa’s transition from apartheid to democracy (Goodman, ch. 5), perpetrators’ confessions and victims’ agonistic retellings of disappeared relatives, displacement, and torture