SPACE‐TIMES GENERATED BY COMPUTERS: BLACK HOLES WITH GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION *
SPACE‐TIMES GENERATED BY COMPUTERS: BLACK HOLES WITH GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION *
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计算机生成的时空：具有引力辐射的黑洞*
DOI：
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
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通讯作者：
L. Smarr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Smarr
在接下来的十年里，我们将看到许多新型的灵敏引力波天线的发展，它们将探测宇宙中各种新的相对论源（见索恩的精彩评论）。作为一个并行程序，必须设计计算机程序，使理论家能够预测这些预期源的重力波特征。这些程序将解决广义相对论（或其他提出的引力理论）的完整爱因斯坦方程，以构建包含碰撞黑洞或坍缩非球形恒星的时空。多年来，人们设计了许多方法来研究这些时空的一部分。霍金、卡特、罗宾逊等人的美妙分析工作得出的结论是，坍缩或碰撞形成黑洞的最终静止状态是克尔-纽曼黑洞。具有完全相对论性方程的复杂非球形磁流体力学坍缩的早期阶段（假设只有一个缓慢时变的引力场）已由wi ~ o ~ n计算机编码。围绕黑洞或中子星旋转的后期阶段已经被广泛地利用完全相对论背景下的线性摄动方程计算出来。唯一剩下的部分是完全相对论的、高度动态的、非微扰的、强场相互作用的区域，在这个区域中，大多数对引力波天文学感兴趣的过程都存在。，这就是引力场作为主要动力实体发挥作用的地方。)人们希望能够像其他经典场论那样，使用计算机来详细跟踪这个区域，例如，流体力学、电动力学、空气动力学等。肯尼斯·埃普利和我已经为轴对称真空爱因斯坦方程写了这样一个程序。我们和其他人一样，目前正在将其扩展到物质耦合和完全四维时空的情况下（即，没有空间对称性）。这篇文章将试图给出一个概述，什么进入和什么出这样的努力。
The next decade will see the development of a number of new types of sensitive gravitational wave antennae which will probe the universe for a variety of new relativistic sources (see Thorne’ for an excellent review). As a parallel program, computer programs must be designed that allow theorists to predict the gravity wave signatures of these expected sources. These programs will solve the full Einstein equations of general relativity (or other proposed theories of gravity), to build space-times containing colliding black holes or collapsing nonspherical stars. Over the years a number of approaches have been devised to investigate portions of these spacetimes. The beautiful analytic work of Hawking,’ Carter,’ Robinson3 and others has led to the result that the final stationary state of collapse or collision to form a black hole is a Kerr-Newman black hole. The early stages of the complicated nonspherical magnetohydrodynamical collapse with fully relativistic equations (assuming only a slowly time-varying gravitational field) has been computer coded by W i l ~ o n . ~ The late stages of gyrations around a black hole or neutron star have been worked out extensively using linear perturbation equations off the fully relativistic background.’ The only piece left is the fully relativistic, highly dynamic, nonperturbative, strong field interaction region in which most of the processes of interest to gravity wave astronomy lie ( ix . , here is where the gravitational field comes into its own right as the primary dynamical entity.) One would like to be able to use computers to follow this region in detail the way other classical field theories do, e.g., hydrodynamics, electrodynamics, aerodynamics, etc. Kenneth Eppley and I have written such a program for the axisymmetric vacuum Einstein equations. We, as well as others, are currently extending this to cases of matter coupling and fully four dimensional space-times (i.e., no spatial symmetry). This article will attempt to give an overview of what goes into and what comes out of such an endeavor.