Precipitation in urine source separation systems: Challenges for large-scale practical applications
Precipitation in urine source separation systems: Challenges for large-scale practical applications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105479
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发表时间：
2021-06
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Zhengxu Yan;Shikun Cheng;Jian Zhang;D. Saroj;Heinz-Peter Mang;Yanzhao Han;Lingling Zhang;D. Basandorj;Lei Zheng;Zifu Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhengxu Yan;Shikun Cheng;Jian Zhang;D. Saroj;Heinz-Peter Mang;Yanzhao Han;Lingling Zhang;D. Basandorj;Lei Zheng;Zifu Li
目前卫生试点项目的经验表明，尿分流（UD）系统中的自发沉淀一直是大规模实施尿源分离的主要挑战之一。由于微生物的尿解作用，pH值的增加导致无机沉淀物的形成，这增加了管道堵塞的风险。虽然在控制自然降水系统方面取得了重大进展，但试点项目的试验不足以为技术选择提供可行和可靠的支持，以迅速适应不断变化的边界条件，如人口规模和密度。因此，应在更广泛的实验环境中不断重新评估和改进现有技术，以确保其广泛的适用性、经济和环境效益以及社会接受度。这项工作还阐明了建立标准化评估方法的重要性，这有助于整合从报告的具体案例研究中获得的知识，并提供可以支持决策者的详细信息。另一方面，经济评估表明，最大化尿源肥料的价值可以保证良好的回报率，这对吸引投资者和促进尿源分离的实施具有重要意义。同时，目前的立法和政府支持为大规模实施尿源分离提供了机会。决策者应做好充分准备，应对这种范式转变。
Current experiences in pilot sanitation projects indicate that the spontaneous precipitation in urine diversion (UD) systems has been one of the main challenges for the implementation of urine source separation on large-scale. As a result of microbial ureolysis, an increased pH leads to the formation of inorganic precipitates, which increases the risk of pipe blockage. Although significant advancements have been made in controlling the spontaneous precipitation in UD systems, experimentation in pilot projects is not enough to provide the feasible and reliable support for technical selection to adapt quickly to changing boundary conditions, such as population size and density. Therefore, established techniques should be constantly reassessed and improved in a broader variety of experimental settings to ensure the wide applicability, economic and environmental benefits, and social acceptance. This work also clarified the importance of establishing standardized evaluation methods, which helps to integrate the knowledge gained from reported specific case studies and provide detailed information that can support the decision makers. On the other hand, the economic assessment indicated that maximizing the value of the urine-derived fertilizers can ensure a favorable rate of return, which is important to attract investors and promote the implementation of urine source separation. Meanwhile, current legislation and government support have provided the opportunities for large-scale implementation of urine source separation. The decision makers should be prepared well to deal with such a paradigm shift.