Electron cyclotron resonance heating and current drive in toroidal fusion plasmas
Electron cyclotron resonance heating and current drive in toroidal fusion plasmas
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DOI：
10.1088/0741-3335/36/12/001
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发表时间：
1994-12
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
V. Erckmann;U. Gasparino
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Erckmann;U. Gasparino
综述了电子回旋共振加热（ECRH）和电流驱动（ECCD）的实验和理论。概述了电子回旋频率范围内的波的传播和吸收的基本线性理论及其谐波，并与许多装置的实验结果进行了比较。准线性和非线性物理以及参量波衰减的实验数据的基础上进行审查和理论比较。本文讨论了体电子和尾电子（可以用其它方法产生）对多普勒频移吸收的实验和理论。ECRH为托卡马克等离子体的受控击穿和电流上升提供了手段，在净无电流仿星器研究中起着关键作用。在许多托卡马克和仿星器的启动进行了调查，并根据目前的理论认识的结果进行了讨论。ECRH的作用，以提高粒子和能量约束的理解和特殊的加热相关功能，如“密度泵出”在ECRH进行了讨论。应用调制ECRH的微扰热波的研究和比较与两个微扰热脉冲传播和稳态功率平衡分析。电子回旋电流驱动是托卡马克中电流分布和磁流体控制的一种可能方法，并为仿星器中的自举电流补偿提供了手段。介绍了电子回旋电流驱动的基本理论，并与托卡马克和仿星器的实验进行了比较。讨论了ECRH和ECCD的磁流体稳定和控制实验，并与理论进行了比较。越来越多的聚变装置配备了ECRH，用于体加热和复杂的等离子体物理研究。最近开发的高功率（1兆瓦）和高频率（110-160千兆赫）源使可获得的等离子体参数范围的显著扩展成为可能。特别强调的是新的实验和完善的理论，将等离子体现象和相互影响的波物理。
A review of experiments and theory of electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and current drive (ECCD) is presented. An outline of the basic linear theory of wave propagation and absorption in the electron cyclotron range of frequencies and their harmonics is given and compared with experimental results from many devices. The experimental data base on quasilinear and nonlinear physics as well as on parametric wave decay is reviewed and compared to theory. Experiments and theory on doppler shifted absorption either by bulk or tail electrons (which can be created by other means) are discussed. ECRH provides means for controlled plasma breakdown and current ramp up in tokamaks and plays a key role in net current-free stellarator research. Start-up was investigated in many tokamaks and stellarators and the results are discussed in the light of the present day theoretical understanding. The role of ECRH to improve the understanding of both particle and energy confinement is described and special heating correlated features, such as 'density pump out' during ECRH are discussed. The application of modulated ECRH for perturbative heat wave studies and the comparison with both sawtooth heat pulse propagation and the steady state power balance analysis is presented. Electron cyclotron current drive is a possible method for current profile and MHD control in tokamaks and provides means for bootstrap current compensation in stellarators. The basic theory of electron cyclotron current drive is presented and compared to experiments in both tokamaks and stellarators. Experiments on sawtooth stabilization and MHD control by ECRH or ECCD are discussed and compared to theory. An increasing number of fusion devices is equipped with ECRH for bulk heating and sophisticated plasma physics investigations. A remarkable extension of the accessible plasma parameter range became possible by the recent development of sources with high power (1 MW) and frequency (110-160 GHz). Particular emphasis is given to new experiments and the refinement of theory incorporating plasma phenomena and the mutual impact on the wave physics.