Host and parasite traits predict cross-species parasite acquisition by introduced mammals
Host and parasite traits predict cross-species parasite acquisition by introduced mammals
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2021.0341
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发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. M. Schatz;A. Park
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. M. Schatz;A. Park
物种入侵和分布范围的变化可能会导致新的宿主-寄生虫群落的产生，但我们缺乏可能形成新关联的一般规则。虽然许多研究考察了宿主物种之间的寄生虫共享，但传播的方向性通常被忽视，这阻碍了我们推导出寄生虫获取原理的能力。因此，我们分析了 11 种非本地食肉动物和有蹄类动物的寄生虫记录。使用增强回归树，我们使用一套表征寄生虫本身及其居住的宿主社区的预测变量，对焦点宿主非本地范围的每个动物地理领域内的寄生虫获取进行建模。我们发现，既定宿主中较高的寄生虫流行率增加了感染的可能性，特别是对于普通寄生虫。非本地宿主物种也更有可能从与其密切相关的已建立宿主物种获得寄生虫；然而，几个寄生虫类群的获得偏向于系统发育上专门的寄生虫，这表明寄生虫普遍性的潜在成本。结合这些特征的统计模型可以准确预测寄生虫的获取，表明可测量的宿主和寄生虫特征可用于估计新的宿主-寄生虫关联形成的可能性。这项工作提供了一般规则，以帮助预测气候变化和其他人为影响所产生的新型宿主-寄生虫关联。
Species invasions and range shifts can lead to novel host–parasite communities, but we lack general rules on which new associations are likely to form. While many studies examine parasite sharing among host species, the directionality of transmission is typically overlooked, impeding our ability to derive principles of parasite acquisition. Consequently, we analysed parasite records from the non-native ranges of 11 carnivore and ungulate species. Using boosted regression trees, we modelled parasite acquisition within each zoogeographic realm of a focal host's non-native range, using a suite of predictors characterizing the parasites themselves and the host community in which they live. We found that higher parasite prevalence among established hosts increases the likelihood of acquisition, particularly for generalist parasites. Non-native host species are also more likely to acquire parasites from established host species to which they are closely related; however, the acquisition of several parasite groups is biased to phylogenetically specialist parasites, indicating potential costs of parasite generalism. Statistical models incorporating these features provide an accurate prediction of parasite acquisition, indicating that measurable host and parasite traits can be used to estimate the likelihood of new host–parasite associations forming. This work provides general rules to help anticipate novel host–parasite associations created by climate change and other anthropogenic influences.