Neural circuit repair by low-intensity magnetic stimulation requires cellular magnetoreceptors and specific stimulation patterns
Neural circuit repair by low-intensity magnetic stimulation requires cellular magnetoreceptors and specific stimulation patterns
复制标题
低强度磁刺激修复神经回路需要细胞磁感受器和特定刺激模式
DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.aav9847
复制
发表时间：
2019-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Sherrard, R. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dufor, T.;Grehl, S.;Sherrard, R. M.
尽管电磁脑刺激在神经病学和精神病学中是一种很有前途的治疗方法，但临床结果是可变的，潜在的机制是不明确的，这阻碍了新的有效刺激方案的发展。在这里，我们在体内和体外证明，低强度重复经颅磁刺激（Ll-rTMS）诱导轴突生长和突触发生，以修复神经回路。这种修复依赖于刺激模式，复杂的仿生模式特别有效，以及隐色素（一种假定的磁感受器）的存在。只有促进修复的Ll-rTMS模式上调参与神经元修复的基因；其中近40%是隐花色素的目标。我们的数据为理解电磁刺激引起的结构神经可塑性的机制开辟了一个新的框架。我们提出弱磁场通过隐花色素激活细胞信号级联，而不是通过感应电流激活神经元。这一信息为优化电磁刺激和开发针对不同神经系统疾病的有效治疗开辟了新的途径。
Although electromagnetic brain stimulation is a promising treatment in neurology and psychiatry, clinical outcomes are variable, and underlying mechanisms are ill-defined, which impedes the development of new effective stimulation protocols. Here, we show, in vivo and ex vivo, that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at low-intensity (Ll-rTMS) induces axon outgrowth and synaptogenesis to repair a neural circuit. This repair depends on stimulation pattern, with complex biomimetic patterns being particularly effective, and the presence of cryptochrome, a putative magnetoreceptor. Only repair-promoting Ll-rTMS patterns up-regulated genes involved in neuronal repair; almost 40% of were cryptochrome targets. Our data open a new framework to understand the mechanisms underlying structural neuroplasticity induced by electromagnetic stimulation. Rather than neuronal activation by induced electric currents, we propose that weak magnetic fields act through cryptochrome to activate cellular signaling cascades. This information opens new routes to optimize electromagnetic stimulation and develop effective treatments for different neurological diseases.