Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) detection of water storage changes in the Three Gorges Reservoir of China and comparison with in situ measurements
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) detection of water storage changes in the Three Gorges Reservoir of China and comparison with in situ measurements
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DOI：
10.1029/2011wr010534
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发表时间：
2011-12
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Xianwei Wang;C. de Linage;J. Famiglietti;C. Zender
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xianwei Wang;C. de Linage;J. Famiglietti;C. Zender
三峡水库蓄水在短时间内引起了大量水体从海洋向集中的陆地区域的再分布。我们发现，在去除相关误差后，重力恢复和气候实验（GRACE）在400 km空间分辨率下的无约束全球解捕获了这种质量变化。选择WaterGAP全球水文模型（WGHM）来分离区域储水量变化对TGR的贡献。本研究首次将GRACE（减去WGHM）估算的TGR体积变化与2002年4月至2010年5月的原位测量结果进行了月度时间尺度的比较。在8年的研究期间，GRACE - WGHM估计的TGR体积变化显示出与TGR原位测量相一致的增加趋势，并导致类似的蓄水水量估计值。GRACE - WGHM估计的总体积增量与原位测量值一致，在14% （3.2 km3）以内。这表明GRACE可以在一个集中区域内检索到大地表水储量变化的真实振幅，其空间分辨率远小于其全局调和解的空间分辨率。GRACE - WGHM估算的TGR月体积变化解释了76% （r2 = 0.76）的原位测量月变率，不确定性为4.62 km3。研究结果还表明，三峡水库蓄水引起的水库渗漏和地下水补给以及邻近湖泊的污染在GRACE总蓄水量变化中是不可忽略的。此外，GRACE观测可以相对准确地估计2002年以来新建大型水库截流的全球水量及其对全球海平面上升的影响。
Water impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) of China caused a large mass redistribution from the oceans to a concentrated land area in a short time period. We show that this mass shift is captured by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) unconstrained global solutions at a 400 km spatial resolution after removing correlated errors. The WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM) is selected to isolate the TGR contribution from regional water storage changes. For the first time, this study compares the GRACE (minus WGHM) estimated TGR volume changes with in situ measurements from April 2002 to May 2010 at a monthly time scale. During the 8 year study period, GRACE‐WGHM estimated TGR volume changes show an increasing trend consistent with the TGR in situ measurements and lead to similar estimates of impounded water volume. GRACE‐WGHM estimated total volume increase agrees to within 14% (3.2 km3) of the in situ measurements. This indicates that GRACE can retrieve the true amplitudes of large surface water storage changes in a concentrated area that is much smaller than the spatial resolution of its global harmonic solutions. The GRACE‐WGHM estimated TGR monthly volume changes explain 76% (r2 = 0.76) of in situ measurement monthly variability and have an uncertainty of 4.62 km3. Our results also indicate reservoir leakage and groundwater recharge due to TGR filling and contamination from neighboring lakes are nonnegligible in the GRACE total water storage changes. Moreover, GRACE observations could provide a relatively accurate estimate of global water volume withheld by newly constructed large reservoirs and their impacts on global sea level rise since 2002.