PASSIVE SOUND LOCALIZATION OF PREY BY THE PALLID BAT (ANTROZOUS-P-PALLIDUS)
PASSIVE SOUND LOCALIZATION OF PREY BY THE PALLID BAT (ANTROZOUS-P-PALLIDUS)
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00213073
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发表时间：
1993-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
KENNEDY, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FUZESSERY, ZM;BUTTENHOFF, P;KENNEDY, JM
苍白蝙蝠（Antrozous p. pallidus）使用被动声音定位来捕获陆地猎物。本研究以蟋蟀为猎物，研究了蝙蝠的回声定位和被动声定位在捕获猎物中的作用，并重点探讨了准确被动声定位的光谱要求。所有测试都在昏暗的红光下进行，以防止使用视觉。狩猎性能没有显着差异，在红光和完全黑暗，也没有显着差异时，陆地猎物和基板之间的视觉对比度是不同的，表明蝙蝠没有使用视觉来定位prey.Our蝙蝠显然使用回声定位的一般方向，但不定位猎物。它们在捕获猎物之前并没有增加脉冲发射率，这表明它们并没有主动扫描猎物。相反，他们需要猎物产生的声音来定位。蝙蝠会注意到蟋蟀行走的声音以进行定位，也会攻击拖过地板的无生命的小物体。静止和/或麻醉的蟋蟀被忽略，因为蟋蟀在大大减弱行走声音的基质上行走。蟋蟀的交流声音并没有被用于猎物定位;蝙蝠从来没有捕捉到静止的蟋蟀，它们的被动声音定位的准确性是通过一个开环被动声音定位任务来测试的，这个任务要求它们降落在一只被麻醉的扔在地板上的蟋蟀上。蟋蟀的撞击产生了一个持续时间为10-20毫秒的声音，但有了这个信息，蝙蝠能够从4.9米的最大距离降落在蟋蟀7.6厘米的范围内。这种性能表明在听觉空间的水平和垂直维度上的声音定位精度约为+/-1度。准确声音定位的频率下限在3-8 kHz之间。在苍白的蝙蝠下丘的频率代表性的生理调查表明，这个较低的频率限制是5千赫左右。
The pallid bat (Antrozous p. pallidus) uses passive sound localization to capture terrestrial prey. This study of captive pallid bats examined the roles of echolocation and passive sound localization in prey capture, and focused on their spectral requirements for accurate passive sound localization.Crickets were used as prey throughout these studies. All tests were conducted in dim, red light in an effort to preclude the use of vision. Hunting performance did not differ significantly in red light and total darkness, nor did it differ when visual contrast between the terrestrial prey and the substrate was varied, demonstrating that the bats did not use vision to locate prey.Our bats apparently used echolocation for general orientation, but not to locate prey. They did not increase their pulse emission rate prior to prey capture, suggesting that they were not actively scanning prey. Instead, they required prey-generated sounds for localization. The bats attended to the sound of walking crickets for localization, and also attacked small, inanimate objects dragged across the floor. Stationary and/or anesthetized crickets were ignored, as were crickets walking on substrates that greatly attenuated walking sounds. Cricket communication sounds were not used in prey localization; the bats never captured stationary, calling crickets.The accuracy of their passive sound localization was tested with an open-loop passive sound localization task that required them to land upon an anesthetized cricket tossed on the floor. The impact of a cricket produced a single 10-20 ms duration sound, yet with this information, the bats were able to land within 7.6 cm of the cricket from a maximum distance of 4.9 m. This performance suggests a sound localization accuracy of approximately +/- 1-degrees in the horizontal and vertical dimensions of auditory space. The lower frequency limit for accurate sound localization was between 3-8 kHz. A physiological survey of frequency representation in the pallid bat inferior colliculus suggests that this lower frequency limit is around 5 kHz.