Silicic phreatomagmatism in the Snake River Plain: the Deadeye Member

Silicic phreatomagmatism in the Snake River Plain: the Deadeye Member
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蛇河平原的硅质岩浆作用:Deadeye 段

DOI:
10.1007/s00445-010-0400-9
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发表时间:
2010
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Ellis B
Ellis B
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ellis B

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蛇河平原中部的非熔接流纹质火山碎屑岩单元与暴露程度更好、体积更大的“蛇河型”流变熔接流纹质熔结凝灰岩和流纹岩熔岩互层。我们记录一个这样的单位,调查为什么它是如此不同的夹层焊接熔结凝灰岩。新确认的爱达荷州南部Deadeye段是一个以土壤为界的喷发单元,包括火山灰层和4 m厚的熔结凝灰岩,延伸超过35 km。熔结凝灰岩为非焊接的、岩屑-碎屑贫乏的,从块状到弥散的低角度交错层状。它含有丰富的角碎屑的非泡状黑色玻璃,上部含有增生火山砾。其上方的落灰层含有涂层灰球和灰块,记录了细灰的潮湿聚集。Deadeye火山喷发的岩浆在成分和温度上与蛇河平原中部产生强烈熔结的流变熔结凝灰岩的岩浆非常相似。我们推断,Deadeye熔结凝灰岩的物理外观相比,其他的,更典型的蛇河型焊接熔结凝灰岩的显着对比是在相对较低的温度下,在湖泊环境中的喷发侵位的结果。岩浆挥发物驱动的流纹质岩浆的破碎受到与湖水的相互作用的影响,也导致冷却。Deadeye段是斯内克河平原中部第一个有记录的爆炸性岩浆作用的例子。
Non-welded rhyolitic pyroclastic units in the central Snake River Plain are interbedded with the much better exposed, large-volume ‘Snake-River type’ rheomorphic welded rhyolitic ignimbrites and rhyolite lavas. We document one such unit to investigate why it is so different from the interbedded welded ignimbrites. The newly recognised Deadeye Member of southern Idaho is a soil-bounded eruption-unit that comprises ashfall layers and a 4-m-thick ignimbrite that extends for >35 km. The ignimbrite is non-welded, lithic-clast poor and varies from massive to diffuse low-angle cross-bedded. It contains abundant angular clasts of non-vesicular black glass, and upper parts contain accretionary lapilli. The ashfall layers above it contain coated ash pellets and ash clumps, which record moist aggregation of fine ash. The magmas of the Deadeye eruption were closely similar in composition and temperature to those that generated the intensely welded rheomorphic ignimbrites of the central Snake River Plain. We infer that the marked contrast in physical appearance of the Deadeye ignimbrite compared to the other, more typical Snake-River-type welded ignimbrites was the result of emplacement at relatively low temperatures during an eruption in a lacustrine environment. Magmatic volatile-driven fragmentation of the rhyolitic magma was influenced by interaction with lake water that also led to cooling. The Deadeye Member is the first-recorded example of explosive silicic phreatomagmatism in the central Snake River Plain.
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