Static network analysis of a pork supply chain in Northern Germany-Characterisation of the potential spread of infectious diseases via animal movements
Static network analysis of a pork supply chain in Northern Germany-Characterisation of the potential spread of infectious diseases via animal movements
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.01.008
复制
发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Traulsen, Imke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buettner, Kathrin;Krieter, Joachim;Traulsen, Imke
活动物的运输是传染病在各畜群之间传播的一个主要风险因素。本研究分析了北方德国的猪肉供应链。贸易网络的结构可以通过网络分析来描述。为了确定在养猪生产的有向网络中具有中心位置的持有量，测量了描述这些属性的几个参数（入度，出度，传入和传出感染链，介数中心性和传入和传出接近中心性）。为了获得猪肉供应链金字塔结构中不同持有类型（乘数、产仔农场、肥育农场和产仔至肥育农场）的重要性，计算了整个网络以及单个持有类型的中心性参数。使用这些中心性参数，可以确定两种类型的持有。在研究的网络中，由于大量的入境贸易接触，肥育和从仔猪到肥育的农场更容易被感染。由于大量的对外贸易接触，乘数和分娩农场将疾病传播到其他农场的风险增加。然而，中心性参数度和传染链的结果并不总是一致的，因此，间接的贸易接触应考虑到了解控股在传播或感染的真实的重要性。此外，所有计算的参数显示出高度右偏分布。具有这种度分布的网络被认为是对随机删除节点具有很强的抵抗力。但是，通过战略性地去除最核心的持有，例如通过贸易限制或选择性接种或剔除，网络结构可以有效地改变，从而分解为碎片。从流行病的角度来看，贸易网络的这种分散化特别重要。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Transport of live animals is a major risk factor in the spread of infectious diseases between holdings. The present study analysed the pork supply chain of a producer community in Northern Germany. The structure of trade networks can be characterised by carrying out a network analysis. To identify holdings with a central position in this directed network of pig production, several parameters describing these properties were measured (in-degree, out-degree, ingoing and outgoing infection chain, betweenness centrality and ingoing and outgoing closeness centrality). To obtain the importance of the different holding types (multiplier, farrowing farms, finishing farms and farrow-to-finishing farms) within the pyramidal structure of the pork supply chain, centrality parameters were calculated for the entire network as well as for the individual holding types. Using these centrality parameters, two types of holdings could be identified. In the network studied, finishing and farrow-to-finishing farms were more likely to be infected due to the high number of ingoing trade contacts. Due to the high number of outgoing trade contacts multipliers and farrowing farms had an increased risk to spread a disease to other holdings. However, the results of the centrality parameters degree and infection chain were not always consistent, such that the indirect trade contacts should be taken into consideration to understand the real importance of a holding in spreading or contracting an infection. Furthermore, all calculated parameters showed a highly right-skewed distribution. Networks with such a degree distribution are considered to be highly resistant concerning the random removal of nodes. But by strategic removal of the most central holdings, e.g. by trade restrictions or selective vaccination or culling, the network structure can be changed efficiently and thus decompose into fragments. Such a fragmentation of the trade networks is of particular importance from an epidemiological perspective. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.