Nursery production technology for Pacific threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis)
Nursery production technology for Pacific threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis)
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太平洋长鳍鱼（Polydactylus sexfilis）育苗生产技术
DOI：
10.1016/0044-8486(95)01162-5
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Corinna Pigao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Ostrowski;T. Iwai;S. Monahan;S. Unger;Dionisio Dagdagan;Paul Murakawa;Amanda E. Schivell;Corinna Pigao
在夏威夷瓦胡岛的海洋研究所（OI）和夏威夷anuue渔业研究中心（AFRC）进行了一系列大规模的饲养试验，研究了不同的饲养池设计和饲料对太平洋长尾梭子鱼（Polydactylus sexfilis）自相残杀的发生和整体生存和生长的影响。将26日龄（D26）仔鱼放养在5平方米或9.5平方米圆形鱼缸、8.5平方米甜甜圈形圆形鱼缸或1.2平方米浅椭圆形水槽中，密度为0.5-4.4条鱼（1−1）。投喂商业饲料（RAN、MCM）或实验饲料（RNB、OIM）至饱腹，直至第40天（苗期1）。苗圃II （D40-D61）试验在AFRC进行，分别在9.5或17.0 m3圆形或8.5或15.0 m3圆形甜甜圈罐中使用RNB、OIM或MCM日粮。苗期成活率在40 ~ 97%之间，高度依赖于饲粮和饲养制度。同类相食的比率与存活率呈负相关。与MCM（74±12%）、RAN（63±15%）和RNB（57±5%）相比，饲喂OIM的鱼的总存活率最高（88±7%）。卵圆形水族箱（86±8%）比环形水族箱（70±4%）或圆形水族箱（65±13%）的存活率更高。使用椭圆滑道也可以最大限度地减少不良的日粮性能对生存和生长的影响。OIM饲料的总生长和饲料系数（FCR）最好。相比之下，育龄期的成活率与饲养制度和饲料无关。总体生存率平均为91±5%，同类相食率相对较低（6±5%）。鱼的平均日增重为10.6±0.5%，饲料比为0.9±0.1。缩短和张开的盖在幼虫后螺纹中是常见的。畸形从托儿所1增加到托儿所2。然而，在这两个阶段，这与饮食无关。结果表明，同类相食的死亡率在苗期最为普遍，但通过适当的饮食和饲养制度可以大大降低同类相食的死亡率。在最佳条件下，苗圃I期和苗圃II期的成活率可达90%以上。在颗粒饲料的饲料比近似一致的情况下，苗圃1的日增重超过20%，苗圃2的日增重超过10%。可实现幼线纤维的规模化、集约化生产。
The effect of various rearing tank designs and diet on the occurrence of cannibalism and overall survival and growth of postlarval Pacific threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis) was examined in a series of large-scale rearing trials at The Oceanic Institute (OI) and the State of Hawaii's Anuenue Fisheries Research Center (AFRC), Oahu, Hawaii. Twenty-six day old (D26) postlarval threadfin were stocked in either 5 m3or 9.5 m3round tanks, 8.5 m3doughnut-shaped circular tanks, or 1.2 m3shallow, oval raceways at densities from 0.5–4.4 fish 1−1. The fish were fed either commercial (RAN, MCM) or experimental (RNB, OIM) feed to satiation until D40 (Nursery I). Nursery II (D40–D61) trials were conducted at AFRC in either 9.5 or 17.0 m3round or 8.5 or 15.0 m3doughnut tanks using RNB, OIM or MCM diets. Nursery I survival rates ranged from 40–97%, and were highly dependent on diet and rearing system. Cannibalism rates were inversely correlated with survival rates. Overall survival of fish was highest when fed OIM (88 ± 7%), compared to those fed MCM (74 ± 12%), RAN (63 ± 15%), or RNB (57 ± 5%). Survival was also best when fish were raised in oval raceways (86 ± 8%), rather than in doughnut (70 ± 4%) or round (65 ± 13%) tanks. Use of oval raceways also minimized the effects of poor diet performance on both survival and growth. Overall growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was best on the OIM feed. In contrast, survival during Nursery II was independent of rearing system and diet. Overall survival averaged 91 ± 5%, and cannibalism was commensurately low (6 ± 5%). Fish grew an average 10.6 ± 0.5% body weight daily, at an FCR of 0.9 ± 0.1. Shortened and flared operculae were common among postlarval threadfin. Deformities increased from Nursery I to Nursery II. However, there was no correlation with diet during either stage. Results indicated that mortalities due to cannibalism are most prevalent during the Nursery I stage, but can be greatly reduced with the proper diet and rearing system. Given optimum conditions, survival rates of 90% or greater can be achieved in Nursery I and II stages. Growth rates in excess of 20% body weight daily (bwd) in Nursery I, and 10% bwd in Nursery II can be obtained at FCR approximating unity on pelleted feeds. Large-scale, intensive production of juvenile threadfin can be achieved.