A meta‐analysis of American black duck winter habitat use along the Atlantic Coast
A meta‐analysis of American black duck winter habitat use along the Atlantic Coast
复制标题
大西洋沿岸美国黑鸭冬季栖息地利用的荟萃分析
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Yerkes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kevin M. Ringelman;C. Williams;P. Devers;John M. Coluccy;P. M. Castelli;Kurt A. Anderson;J. Bowman;G. Costanzo;Dane M. Cramer;M. Dibona;M. Eichholz;Min Huang;Benjamin S. Lewis;Dawn M. Plattner;T. Yerkes
美国黑鸭（Anas rubripes）的数量在20世纪50年代至90年代之间下降了50%以上，该物种是保护大西洋沿岸盐沼栖息地的旗舰。在整个年度周期中，人们通常对黑鸭进行了很好的研究，但令人惊讶的是，我们对它们在冬季的空间使用缺乏综合的、定量的了解。这限制了我们优先考虑栖息地获取和恢复工作的能力。我们利用从康涅狄格到维吉尼亚的235只黑鸭的17000个遥测地点，研究了它们的栖息地组成和冬季空间使用与栖息地质量、城市化和恶劣天气的关系。尽管环境差异很大，但不同地区和年份的家庭范围大小相似。较小的家和核心范围包含更大比例的盐沼栖息地，经历更多4天冻结事件的鸭子有更大的家和核心范围。暴露在长时间寒冷天气中的鸭子，当这些地区有更多能量丰富的淡水栖息地时，它们的核心范围就会变小。当我们检查单个遥测位置时，我们发现鸭子在夜间更多地使用不规则淹没的高沼泽，可能是为了觅食，而在白天和傍晚黄昏期间更多地使用城市栖息地。我们发现，在气温从未超过冰点的日子里，黑鸭较少使用经常被淹没的低地沼泽，而是更多地使用潮下地区和森林湿地。最后，我们发现鸭子在涨潮时更有可能使用淡水栖息地。我们的研究证实了黑鸭依靠盐沼作为越冬栖息地，并指出了森林湿地在寒冷天气期间意想不到的重要作用。我们没有发现黑鸭避开城市地区或道路的证据，这支持在承载能力建模中纳入所有可用的栖息地。我们强调，需要新的假设驱动的局部遥测研究来进一步阐明黑鸭运动与环境变化（特别是寒冷天气）之间的关系。此外，考虑到大多数剩余的沿海湿地目前受到州和联邦土地的保护，我们建议黑鸭栖息地管理应努力获取和恢复靠近沿海沼泽的咸淡水和森林湿地。2015年出版。这篇文章是美国政府的作品，在美国属于公有领域。
American black duck (Anas rubripes) populations declined by more than 50% between the 1950s and 1990s, and the species serves as a flagship for conserving salt marsh habitats along the Atlantic Coast. Black ducks have generally been well studied throughout the annual cycle, but surprisingly, we lack a synthetic, quantitative understanding of their space use during the winter. This limits our ability to prioritize habitat acquisition and restoration efforts. We used >17,000 telemetry locations from 235 black ducks ranging from Connecticut to Virginia to study home range composition and space use during winter in relation to habitat quality, urbanization, and severe weather. Despite substantial environmental variation, home range sizes were similar among regions and years. Smaller home and core ranges contained a greater proportion of salt marsh habitat, and ducks experiencing more 4-day freeze events had larger home and core ranges. Ducks exposed to prolonged periods of cold weather had smaller core ranges when those areas comprised more energy-rich freshwater habitats. When we examined individual telemetry locations, we found that ducks used irregularly inundated high marsh more at night, presumably for foraging, and urban habitats more during the day and evening crepuscular periods. We found that black ducks used regularly inundated low marsh less on days where the temperature never rose above freezing, and instead used subtidal areas and forested wetlands more. Finally, we found ducks were marginally more likely to use freshwater habitats during high tides. Our study confirms that black ducks depend on salt marsh for wintering habitat, and points to an unexpectedly important role for forested wetlands during periods of cold weather. We found no evidence that black ducks avoided urban areas or roads, which supports the inclusion of all available habitats in carrying capacity modeling. We emphasize that new hypothesis-driven, local telemetry studies are needed to further elucidate the relationships between black duck movements and environmental variation, especially cold weather. Further, given that most remaining coastal wetlands are currently protected via state and federal lands, we suggest black duck habitat management should strive to acquire and restore brackish and forested wetlands in close proximity to coastal marshes. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.