Refined sewer epidemiology mass balances and their application to heroin, cocaine and ecstasy
Refined sewer epidemiology mass balances and their application to heroin, cocaine and ecstasy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2011.05.009
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Nicell, Jim A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khan, Usman;Nicell, Jim A.
在环境基质中发现非法药物可能是一个令人关切的问题，无论是从其对环境的潜在影响的角度，还是从其浓度达到可检测的程度将表明大量使用药物的角度。最近关于这一问题的研究的主要目的是利用所测量的某些非法药物或其在环境中的体内代谢物的流入浓度，作为估计这些药物滥用程度和消费模式的一种手段。到目前为止，这种计算依赖于使用范围有限的单一研究和/或适用性有限的研究中的单独排泄估计值。因此，有必要对代谢处置研究进行综合荟萃分析，以建立各种非法药物及其体内代谢物的排泄概况。所构建的排泄概况不仅应提供平均排泄值，而且还应表明排泄分数的预期变化，这种变化不仅是由于吸毒者的代谢能力不同，而且由于某种非法药物的各种给药途径的效率不同而产生的。因此，这里提出的研究的主要目标是完善下水道流行病学外推质量平衡的各种非法药物的利益，通过构建他们的排泄配置文件隔离的给药途径。在对包括可卡因、海洛因和摇头丸在内的非法药物进行了多国范围的研究之后，所获得的结果清楚地表明，目前文献中用于列举这些药物滥用流行率的外推因素需要作重大改进，以提高其可靠性。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The detection of illicit drugs in environmental matrices may be a cause for concern, both from the perspective of their potential environmental impacts and the fact that their presence in detectable concentrations would be an indicator of significant drug use. The primary goal behind recent studies on this subject has been to use measured influent concentrations of selected illicit drugs or their in vivo metabolites in the environment as a means of estimating the abuse level of these drugs and patterns of consumption. Thus-far, such calculations have hinged on the use of solitary excretion estimates from single studies of limited scope and/or studies of limited applicability. Therefore, the need exists to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis of metabolic disposition studies to construct excretions profiles for the various illicit drugs and their in vivo metabolites. The constructed excretory profiles should not only provide mean excretion values but also indicate the expected variations in excreted fractions that arise due to differences not only in the metabolic capacity of users but also in the efficiencies of various routes of administration for a given illicit drug. Therefore, the primary goal of the research presented here was to refine sewer epidemiology extrapolation mass balances for various illicit drugs of interest by constructing their excretory profiles segregated by route-of-administration. After conducting such a study with a multi-national scope on illicit drugs including cocaine, heroin and ecstasy, the results obtained clearly indicate that extrapolation factors currently being used in literature for these drugs to enumerate prevalence of abuse required significant refinement to increase their reliability. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.