A LATITUDINAL GRADIENT IN RATES OF ANT PREDATION
A LATITUDINAL GRADIENT IN RATES OF ANT PREDATION
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DOI：
10.2307/1936968
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
JEANNE, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
JEANNE, RL
在北纬 43 度至南纬 2 度的 5 个纬度[巴西、哥斯达黎加、墨西哥、佛罗里达州（美国）和新罕布什尔州（美国）] 评估了蚂蚁对黄蜂幼虫诱饵的捕食情况。热带地区的捕食率明显更高；也就是说，在热带地区，蚂蚁利用某种食物的时间比在温带地区要短得多。低二次生长植被中的捕食率高于森林中的捕食率，地面上的捕食率高于植被中的捕食率，并且这些差异在温带地区比在热带地区更为明显。在每个纬度，建筑物上发生的捕食率都低于自然情况。诱饵捕获的蚂蚁种类数量从最北端的 22 种增加到最南端的 74 种。在除最北端以外的所有地区，森林栖息地产生的物种多样性都高于野外栖息地。热带地区的蚂蚁比温带地区的蚂蚁具有更大程度的微生境特异性。热带地区森林冠层专家的比例也有所增加。总体捕食率和蚂蚁物种丰富度在纬度范围内呈正相关，但这种关系在栖息地和微栖息地水平上破裂。
Predation by ants on wasp larva baits was assessed at 5 latitudes from 43.degree.N-2.degree.S [Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, Florida (USA) and New Hampshire (USA)]. Rates of predation were significantly greater in the tropics; i.e., a food item was exploited by ants in significantly less time in the tropics than in the temperate zone. Predation rates were higher in low 2nd-growth vegetation than in forests and higher on the ground than on vegetation, and that these differences were more pronounced in the temperate zone than in the tropics. Rates of predation occurring on buildings were lower than in natural situations at every latitude. The number of ant species taken at the baits increased from 22 at the northernmost locality to 74 at the southernmost. In all localities but the northernmost, the forest habitat produced a greater diversity of species than the field habitat. There was a greater degree of microhabitat specificity among ants in the tropics than in the temperate zone. The proportion of forest canopy specialists also increased toward the tropics. Overall predation rate and ant species richness were positively correlated on a latitudinal scale, but this relationship broke down at the level of habitats and microhabitats.