Paid Leave Benefits Among a National Sample of Working Mothers with Infants in the United States
Paid Leave Benefits Among a National Sample of Working Mothers with Infants in the United States
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DOI：
10.1007/s10995-013-1264-3
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Bell, Janice F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shepherd-Banigan, Megan;Bell, Janice F.
描述一系列的就业福利，包括产假和其他带薪休假，提供给有婴儿的工作妇女;并检查这些福利的地理，社会人口相关性，以告知美国的工作场所政策议程。使用来自倾听母亲II调查的数据，2005年分娩的讲英语的妇女的全国样本，我们进行了多变量线性和逻辑回归分析，以检查社会人口因素和就业假期变量（带薪产假，病假和事假）之间的关联。41%的妇女获得平均3.3周的带薪产假，其中31%的妇女获得工资替代。妇女平均每年休10周产假，10.4天带薪病假和11.6天带薪个人时间。非西班牙裔黑人、私人保险、全职工作和来自高收入家庭的妇女更有可能获得带薪产假，时间更长，工资替代水平更高，同时控制其他社会人口特征。种族/民族、家庭收入和就业状况与带薪个人天数相关。目前，美国大部分有年幼子女的女性雇员没有产假经济补偿，女性每年获得有限的带薪假期，以管理与健康有关的家庭问题。此外，来自弱势背景的妇女通常获得的福利较少。支持带薪休假的联邦政策可能是解决这种差异的一个途径，应加以修改，以反映公认的国际标准。
To describe a range of employment benefits, including maternity and other paid leave, afforded to working women with infants; and to examine the geographic, socio-demographic correlates of such benefits to inform the workplace policy agenda in the US. Using data from the Listening to Mothers II Survey, a national sample of English-speaking women who gave birth in 2005, we conducted multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses to examine the associations between socio-demographic factors and employment leave variables (paid maternity, sick and personal leave). Forty-one percent of women received paid maternity leave for an average of 3.3 weeks with 31 % wage replacement. On average women took 10 weeks of maternity leave and received 10.4 days of paid sick leave and 11.6 days of paid personal time per year. Women who were non-Hispanic Black, privately insured, working full-time, and from higher income families were more likely to receive paid maternity leave, for more time, and at higher levels of wage replacement, when controlling for the other socio-demographic characteristics. Race/ethnicity, family income and employment status were associated with the number of paid personal days. Currently, the majority of female employees with young children in the US do not receive financial compensation for maternity leave and women receive limited paid leave every year to manage health-related family issues. Further, women from disadvantaged backgrounds generally receive less generous benefits. Federal policy that supports paid leave may be one avenue to address such disparities and should be modified to reflect accepted international standards.