Accounting for the Gender Technology Gap Amongst Smallholder Rice Farmers in Northern Ghana
Accounting for the Gender Technology Gap Amongst Smallholder Rice Farmers in Northern Ghana
复制标题
解决加纳北部小农稻农的性别技术差距
DOI：
10.1111/1477-9552.12236
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
E. Owusu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Victor Owusu;E. Donkor;E. Owusu
缩小农业生产中的性别技术差距已成为撒哈拉以南非洲的一个关键政策问题。更好地了解性别技术差距对于政策制定和方案规划至关重要，以确保资源分配的公平性，以及加纳等中低收入国家家庭的粮食安全。我们采用元前沿的方法来分析男性和女性农民的效率的差异，认识到一些变量的内隐的无效率效应模型，特别是研究中的稻农的信贷约束。我们的研究结果表明，虽然水稻农场本身非常相似，但男性管理的农场的平均产量往往显着高于女性管理的农场，这反映了男性管理的农场的播种率和施肥率较高。然而，在水稻用地和每户总产量方面，两性之间没有显著差异。我们发现一些证据表明，相对于元边界，男性管理的农场效率低于女性管理的农场。结果进一步显示，小农之间存在性别技术差距，女性技术差距比例明显大于男性，女性在生产前沿更接近元前沿。向妇女提供更多获得生产资源和其他农业服务的机会的政策可有助于产生相对较高的产出。
Narrowing the gender technology gap in agricultural production has become a critical policy issue in sub†Saharan Africa. A better understanding of the gender technology gap is essential for policy formulation and programme planning to ensure equity in resource allocation, and household†level food security in low and middle income countries, such as Ghana. We employ a metafrontier approach to analyse the differences in the efficiency of male and female farmers, recognising the endogeneity of some of the variables in the inefficiency effects model, in particular the credit constraints of the rice farmers under study. Our findings show that while the rice farms themselves are very similar, average yields for male managed farms tend to be significantly higher than female managed farms reflecting higher seeding and fertiliser application rates on male managed farms. However, there is no significant difference between the genders in either land used for rice or total output per farm household. We find some evidence that relative to the metafrontier, male managed farms are less efficient than female managed farms. The results further show gender technology gap amongst the smallholder rice farmers with females’ technology gap ratio being significantly greater than that of males, with females operating on a production frontier closer to the metafrontier. Policies that provide females more access to productive resources and other agricultural services could assist in the generation of relatively higher output.