Effects of river level fluctuation on plant species richness, diversity, and distribution in a floodplain forest in Central Amazonia
Effects of river level fluctuation on plant species richness, diversity, and distribution in a floodplain forest in Central Amazonia
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DOI：
10.1007/s004420050893
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Stohlgren, TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferreira, LV;Stohlgren, TJ
亚马逊流域中部的河流水位每年波动高达 14 m，涨潮和落潮之间的洪水期为 50 至 270 天。河流沿岸的大片森林中含有能够很好地适应每年洪水的植物物种。我们研究了洪水水平对巴西贾埃尔国家公园的湖泊、河流和溪流栖息地的树种丰富度、多样性、密度和组成的影响。在每个栖息地随机选择的 25 个 10 m x 40 m 样地中，对 3051 棵直径 > 10 cm 的树木（胸高直径 1.3 m，dbh）进行了测量和识别。排序方法和方差分析结果表明，湖泊附近的森林地区的树木物种丰富度显着低于河流和溪边栖息地。阴谋。物种丰富度和多样性与水位和洪水持续时间呈强烈负相关。干燥（溪流）生境比河流（52 种树种；3 种特有种）和湖泊（33 种树种；3 种特有种）生境拥有更多的总物种（54 种树种）和更多的特有树种（6 种树种）。栖息地之间的物种组成重叠度惊人地高（42.6-60.6％重叠），几乎三分之一的物种在所有三种栖息地类型中都被发现，并且很少有物种是每个栖息地所独有的。我们的结论是：（1）洪水持续时间对物种丰富度、多样性和植物分布格局有很大影响； (2) 大多数物种适应广泛的栖息地和洪水持续时间； (3) 虽然洪水持续时间可能会降低局部多样性，但它也会通过增加景观异质性来创造和维持较高的景观规模多样性。
River levels in Central Amazonia fluctuate up to 14 m annually, with the flooding period ranging from 50 to 270 days between the rising and falling phases. Vast areas of forest along the rivers contain plant species that are well adapted to annual flooding. We studied the effect of flooding level on tree species richness, diversity, density, and composition in lake, river, and stream habitats in Ja ir National Park, Brazil. 3051 trees >10 cm diameter (at 1.3 m diameter at breast height, dbh) were measured and identified in 25 10 m x 40 m randomly selected plots in each habitat. Ordination methods and analysis of variance results sheared that forested areas near lakes had significantly lower species richness of trees than riverine and streamside habitats. Plot. species richness and diversity were strongly negatively correlated with, the water level and duration of flooding. The drier (stream) habitat had more total species (54 species of trees) and more unique species of trees (6 tree species) than the riverine (52 tree species; 3 unique species) and lake (33 tree species; 3 unique species) habitats. Species composition overlap among habitats was surprisingly high (42.6-60.6% overlap), almost one-third of the species were found in all three habitat types, and few species were unique to each habitat. We conclude that: (1) duration of flooding has a strong impact on species richness, diversity and plant distribution patterns; (2) most species are adapted to a wide range of habitats and flood durations; and (3) while flood duration may decrease local diversity, it also creates and maintains high landscape-scale diversity by increasing landscape heterogeneity.