The association between depression and emotional and social loneliness in older persons and the influence of social support, cognitive functioning and personality: A cross-sectional study
The association between depression and emotional and social loneliness in older persons and the influence of social support, cognitive functioning and personality: A cross-sectional study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.033
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发表时间：
2015-08-15
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Comijs, H. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peerenboom, L.;Collard, R. M.;Comijs, H. C.
背景：我们调查了老年抑郁症与情绪和社会孤独感的关系。方法：使用荷兰老年抑郁症研究(NESDO)的数据进行横断面研究。共有341名被诊断为抑郁症的参与者和125名非抑郁症参与者被包括在内。抑郁症的诊断通过综合国际诊断访谈得到确认。使用德容·吉尔维尔德孤独量表评估情绪和社交孤独感。社会人口学变量、社会支持变量、抑郁特征(抑郁症状量表)、认知功能(简易精神状态检查)和人格因素(新五因素问卷和皮尔林掌握量表)被认为是可能的解释因素或混杂因素。结果：抑郁与情绪孤独密切相关，与社交孤独无关。较高的神经质和较低的掌握感是最重要的解释因素。此外，我们还发现了其他几个与抑郁和情绪孤独相关的解释和混淆因素；较低的外倾感和较高的抑郁严重程度。限制：我们进行了一项横断面观察性研究。因此，我们不能添加关于因果关系的证据；抑郁是否会导致孤独，反之亦然。结论：老年人抑郁与情感孤独密切相关，但与社交孤独无关。几种人格特征和抑郁的严重程度对于抑郁和情绪孤独的联系是重要的。重要的是要制定能够同时治疗这两种疾病的干预措施。(C)2015爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Background: We investigated the association between old age depression and emotional and social loneliness.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons (NESDO). A total of 341 participants diagnosed with a depressive disorder, and 125 non-depressed participants were included. Depression diagnosis was confirmed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Emotional and social loneliness were assessed using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Socio-demographic variables, social support variables, depression characteristics (Inventory of Depressive Symptoms), cognitive functioning (Mini Mental State Examination) and personality factors (the NEO- Five Factor Inventory and the Pearlin Mastery Scale) were considered as possible explanatory factors or confounders. (Multiple) logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: Depression was strongly associated with emotional loneliness, but not with social loneliness. A higher sense of neuroticism and lower sense of mastery were the most important explanatory factors. Also, we found several other explanatory and confounding factors in the association of depression and emotional loneliness; a lower sense of extraversion and higher severity of depression.Limitations: We performed a cross-sectional observational study. Therefore we cannot add evidence in regard to causation; whether depression leads to loneliness or vice versa.Conclusions: Depression in older persons is strongly associated with emotional loneliness but not with social loneliness. Several personality traits and the severity of depression are important in regard to the association of depression and emotional loneliness. It is important to develop interventions in which both can be treated. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.