Early maternal experience shapes offspring performance in the wild
Early maternal experience shapes offspring performance in the wild
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DOI：
10.1890/12-0462.1
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Metcalfe, N. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burton, Tim;McKelvey, S.;Metcalfe, N. B.
母亲在青少年时期和成年后所经历的环境都会影响她对后代的投资。然而，这些母体遗产，无论是青少年还是成人，对自然种群中的后代健康的影响尚不清楚。研究了雌性野生大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo Salar)的幼鱼生长速度和成体生殖特征(体长、体型和产卵时的生殖投资)是否与其后代的生长和存活有关。在它们上游迁徙时捕获的成年鲑鱼被用来创造实验性的全同胞卵，这些卵被混合，然后放在天然溪流中的人工巢中，由于迁徙障碍，天然溪流中缺少鲑鱼。四个月后，我们对溪流进行了重新采样，以获得对后代大小和存活率的家庭水平的估计。幼年时期发育缓慢(通过测量法测定)，但在繁殖方面投入巨资(特定体长的产卵量)和产卵时身体状况相对较差(特定体长的体块)的母亲产下的卵子最大。较大的卵导致较大的幼鱼和较高的幼鱼存活率。然而，在控制蛋的大小后，后代的生长与母体幼体生长率和生殖投资呈正相关。后代存活的预测因素(即繁殖成功)随着母亲幼年生长速度的不同而不同：如果雌性在少年时期发育缓慢，其生殖成功与自身身体状况呈负相关。相比之下，在青少年时期发育迅速的雌性雌性，其生殖成功与自身的身体状况呈正相关。我们的结果表明，母亲对野外后代的影响可能是复杂的，繁殖成功与母亲早期的生活表现有关，也与她在繁殖时的状态有关。
Both the environments experienced by a mother as a juvenile and an adult can affect her investment in offspring. However, the implications of these maternal legacies, both juvenile and adult, for offspring fitness in natural populations are unclear. We investigated whether the juvenile growth rate and adult reproductive traits (length, body condition, and reproductive investment at spawning) of female wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were related to the growth and survival of their offspring. Adult salmon captured on their upstream migration were used to create experimental full-sib clutches of eggs, which were mixed and then placed in artificial nests in a natural stream that lacked salmon due to a migration barrier. Four months later we resampled the stream to obtain family-level estimates of offspring size and survival. Mothers that had grown slowly as juveniles (as determined by scalimetry) but had invested heavily in reproduction (egg production for a given body length) and were in relatively poor body condition (somatic mass for a given body length) at spawning produced the largest eggs. Larger eggs resulted in larger juveniles and higher juvenile survival. However, after controlling for egg size, offspring growth was positively related to maternal juvenile growth rate and reproductive investment. The predictors of offspring survival (i.e., reproductive success) varied with the juvenile growth rate of the mother: If females grew slowly as juveniles, their reproductive success was negatively related to their own body condition. In contrast, the reproductive success of females that grew quickly as juveniles was instead related positively to their own body condition. Our results show that maternal influences on offspring in the wild can be complex, with reproductive success related to the early life performance of the mother, as well as her state at the time of breeding.