Industry Structure with Fluctuating Demand
Industry Structure with Fluctuating Demand
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发表时间：
1985
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通讯作者：
David E. Mills;L. Schumann
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作者：
David E. Mills;L. Schumann
需求导致的产出波动的产业内分布是产业组织理论中一个被忽视的方面。竞争均衡的标准模型具有相同的企业和固定的需求。Eytan Sheshinski和Jacques Dreze（1976）将该模型扩展到需求波动的环境中，以研究其产业结构含义。他们的结论是，需求波动增加了维持竞争均衡的企业数量，而每个企业在波动情况下的平均产量比没有波动的情况下要少。通过保持相同的企业假设，Sheshinski和Dreze预测，整个行业的产出波动在竞争对手之间平均分布。另一种竞争均衡模型，即需求固定的竞争均衡模型，会有规模收益不变的企业，它们的产出水平不同。从技术的意义上讲，这些公司将是彼此的“比例克隆”。将该模型类比扩展到有需求的环境
The intra-industry distribution of demandinduced output fluctuations is a neglected aspect of the theory of industrial organization. The standard model of competitive equilibrium has identical firms and stationary demand. Eytan Sheshinski and Jacques Dreze (1976) extended this model to an environment with demand fluctuations to study its industry-structure implications. They concluded that demand fluctuations increase the number of firms sustained in competitive equilibrium, and that each firm produces less on average with fluctuations than without. By preserving the identical-firm assumption, Sheshinski and Dreze predict that industrywide output fluctuations are distributed equally among competitors. An alternative model of competitive equilibrium with stationary demand would have constant-returns-to-scale firms with various output levels. Such firms would be " proportionate clones" of each other in a technological sense. The analagous extension of this model to an environment with demand