AMEE Guide no. 34: Teaching in the clinical environment
AMEE Guide no. 34: Teaching in the clinical environment
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DOI：
10.1080/01421590802061613
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Leinster, Sam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ramani, Subha;Leinster, Sam
在临床环境中教学是一项要求高、复杂且往往令人沮丧的任务，许多临床医生在没有充分准备或定向的情况下承担这项任务。以前，医学教师的12个角色被描述为六个主要任务：(1)信息提供者；(2)榜样；(3)促进者；(4)评估者；(5)课程和课程规划者；以及(6)资源材料的创建者(HardenCrosby 2000)。在纯粹的教育环境中，教师的角色可能有限，但临床教师往往同时扮演多个角色，在相同的遭遇中从一个角色切换到另一个角色。世界各地的绝大多数临床教师都接受过严格的医学知识和技能培训，但在教学方面几乎没有接受过培训。随着医生在自己的临床实践中变得更加忙碌，在扩大临床责任和缩短教学时间的背景下，作为有效的教师变得更具挑战性(Prideaux等人)。2000)。第一线的临床医生往往不了解执照和认证机构以及医学院和研究生培训方案的教育任务，这对工作人员培训有重大影响。机构需要为其临床教师提供必要的定向和培训。这本指南着眼于教师在临床环境中面临的许多挑战，相关教育理论在临床环境中的应用，以及临床教师的实用教学技巧。本指南将集中于医院环境，因为社区内的教学是另一个AMEE指南的主题。
Teaching in the clinical environment is a demanding, complex and often frustrating task, a task many clinicians assume without adequate preparation or orientation. Twelve roles have previously been described for medical teachers, grouped into six major tasks: (1) the information provider; (2) the role model; (3) the facilitator; (4) the assessor; (5) the curriculum and course planner; and (6) the resource material creator (HardenCrosby 2000).It is clear that many of these roles require a teacher to be more than a medical expert. In a pure educational setting, teachers may have limited roles, but the clinical teacher often plays many roles simultaneously, switching from one role to another during the same encounter. The large majority of clinical teachers around the world have received rigorous training in medical knowledge and skills but little to none in teaching. As physicians become ever busier in their own clinical practice, being effective teachers becomes more challenging in the context of expanding clinical responsibilities and shrinking time for teaching (Prideaux et al. 2000). Clinicians on the frontline are often unaware of educational mandates from licensing and accreditation bodies as well as medical schools and postgraduate training programmes and this has major implications for staff training. Institutions need to provide necessary orientation and training for their clinical teachers. This Guide looks at the many challenges for teachers in the clinical environment, application of relevant educational theories to the clinical context and practical teaching tips for clinical teachers. This guide will concentrate on the hospital setting as teaching within the community is the subject of another AMEE guide.