Olfactory Adaptation is Dependent on Route of Delivery
Olfactory Adaptation is Dependent on Route of Delivery
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DOI：
10.1093/chemse/bjy007
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Simons, Christopher T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pierce, Alex M.;Simons, Christopher T.
气味可以通过鼻向（鼻孔）或鼻后（口腔）感知。先前的研究表明，传递路线影响气味感知，愉悦感和定向行为，从而表明嗅觉信息的差异处理。适应是一种神经处理的形式，导致在长时间和连续暴露后刺激的感知强度降低。本研究的目的是确定是否传递途径的差异影响嗅觉适应，以及是否交叉适应之间发生的正鼻和鼻后途径。芳樟醇（12%）或香草醛（25%）通过定制嗅觉计在空气相中经鼻（6 L/min（LPM））和鼻后（8 LPM）给药。在10分钟的暴露中每5分钟收集感知的气味强度。在暴露期后立即通过将气味剂从鼻孔分流到口腔或从口腔分流到鼻孔来评估交叉适应。还完成了对照研究，其中受试者使用与鼻侧刺激强度匹配的刺激浓度（例如，1.5%芳樟醇和6.25%香草醛）。高浓度和低浓度香草醛的鼻旁给药后，结果显示，感知强度显着下降，在5和10分钟。高浓度的鼻旁芳樟醇同样显着下降，而较低的浓度下降，但没有达到统计学意义。芳樟醇和香草醛提供鼻后没有适应的感知强度实际上增加显着后10分钟的曝光。此外，交叉适应的证据是不明显的延长气味暴露后，从任何一个交付途径。这项研究表明，嗅觉加工可能会受到气味传递途径的影响。
Odorants are perceived orthonasally (nostrils) or retronasally (oral cavity). Prior research indicates route of delivery impacts odorant perception, pleasantness, and directed behaviors thus suggesting differential processing of olfactory information. Adaptation is a form of neural processing resulting in decreased perceived intensity of a stimulus following prolonged and continuous exposure. The present study objective was to determine whether route of delivery differentially impacts olfactory adaptation and whether cross-adaptation occurs between orthonasal and retronasal pathways. Linalool (12%) or vanillin (25%) were delivered orthonasally [6 L/min (LPM)] and retronasally (8 LPM) in air phase through a custom-built olfactometer. Perceived odorant intensity was collected every 5 min over 10-min exposure. Immediately following the exposure period, cross-adaptation was assessed by shunting the delivery of the odorant from the nostrils to the oral cavity, or vice versa. A control study was also completed in which subjects underwent the orthonasal adaptation protocol using stimulus concentrations matched to the intensity of restronasal stimuli (e.g., 1.5% linalool and 6.25% vanillin). Following orthonasal delivery of both high and low vanillin concentrations, results showed perceived intensity decreased significantly at 5 and 10 min. High concentrations of orthonasal linalool similarly decreased significantly whereas lower concentrations decreased but did not reach statistical significance. Linalool and vanillin delivered retronasally did not adapt as perceived intensity actually increased significantly following a 10-min exposure. In addition, evidence of cross-adaptation was not obvious following extended odorant exposure from either delivery pathway. This study suggests that olfactory processing may be affected by the route of odorant delivery.