Nicotine-induced limbic cortical activation in the human brain: A functional MRI study
Nicotine-induced limbic cortical activation in the human brain: A functional MRI study
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DOI：
10.1176/ajp.155.8.1009
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发表时间：
1998-08-01
影响因子：
17.7
通讯作者：
Bloom, AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stein, EA;Pankiewicz, J;Bloom, AS
尼古丁是一种极易上瘾的物质，吸烟是人类过早死亡的主要原因。人们对尼古丁在人脑中的神经药理学和作用部位知之甚少。这些知识可能有助于开发新的行为和药理学疗法，以帮助治疗尼古丁依赖，提高戒烟成功率。方法：采用实时成像技术——功能磁共振成像技术测定16例活跃吸烟者静脉注射尼古丁对急性中枢神经系统的影响。先注射生理盐水，然后注射三种剂量的尼古丁（0.75、1.50和2.25 mg/70 kg体重），每次静脉注射1分钟，以上升、累积的方式给药，同时在连续20分钟的试验中每6秒获取一次全脑梯度回波、回波平面图像。结果：尼古丁诱导了一些行为参数的剂量依赖性增加，包括“冲动”和“兴奋”的感觉以及对药物的喜爱。尼古丁还诱导了脑区域分布系统中神经元活动的剂量依赖性增加，包括伏隔核、杏仁核、扣带和额叶。这些结构的激活与尼古丁在人类中引起行为和加强行为的特性是一致的。结论：已确定的大脑区域先前已被证明参与其他滥用药物（如可卡因、安非他明和阿片类药物）的强化、情绪提升和认知特性，这表明尼古丁在人脑中发挥类似的作用，产生强化和依赖特性。
Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and cigarette smoking is a major cause of premature death among humans. Little is known about the neuropharmacology and sites of action of nicotine in the human brain. Such knowledge might help in the development of new behavioral and pharmacological therapies to aid in treating nicotine dependence and to improve smoking cessation success rates. Method: Functional magnetic resonance imaging, a real-time imaging technique, was used to determine the acute CNS effects of intravenous nicotine in 16 active cigarette smokers. An injection of saline followed by injections of three doses of nicotine (0.75, 1.50, and 2.25 mg/70 kg of weight) were each administered intravenously over 1-minute periods in an ascending, cumulative-dosing paradigm while whole brain gradient-echo, echo-planar images were acquired every 6 seconds during consecutive 20-minute trials. Results: Nicotine induced a dose-dependent increase in several behavioral parameters, including feelings of "rush" and "high" and drug liking. Nicotine also induced a dose-dependent increase in neuronal activity in a distributed system of brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, cingulate, and frontal lobes. Activation in these structures is consistent with nicotine's behavior-arousing and behavior-reinforcing properties in humans. Conclusions: The identified brain regions have been previously shown to participate in the reinforcing, mood-elevating, and cognitive properties of other abused drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine, and opiates, suggesting that nicotine acts similarly in the human brain to produce its reinforcing and dependence properties.