Small atoms fall into bulk from non-close-packed metal surfaces?

Small atoms fall into bulk from non-close-packed metal surfaces?
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小原子从非密堆积金属表面落入块状?

DOI:
10.1016/j.commatsci.2022.111959
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Yuhara Junji
Yuhara Junji
中科院分区:
材料科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ono Shota;Satomi Honoka;Yuhara Junji

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当X原子和A原子混合在衬底表面时,可以观察到表面波纹。用硬球模型估计了波纹振幅。我们提出了一个预测小原子通过(100)表面进入体的gedanken实验。为了理解电子效应如何改变这幅图,我们从第一性原理出发研究了X/A(100)的表面波纹,假设X= H到Bi(稀有气体除外),A= Cu, Ag和Au。我们表明,小原子(如H, C, N, O和F)由于电负性大而从衬底吸引电子,这阻止了它们通过(100)表面的空隙。机器学习在预测涟漪振幅中的应用也表明了电负性的重要性。通过研究(i) A衬底中第一层的横向位移,(ii)第一层上下和跨越第一层的X二聚体的形成,以及(iii) X原子在Cu(100)表面的顶部,桥和空心位置的表面吸附,进一步探索了小原子的行为。目前的工作提供了一个例子来理解什么时候原子不是硬球体。
Surface rippling has been observed when atoms of X and A are mixed on A substrate surface. The rippling amplitude has been estimated using hard sphere models. We present a gedanken experiment predicting a penetration of small atoms into bulk through the (100) surface. To understand how electronic effects alter this picture, we investigate the surface rippling of X/A (100) from first-principles, assuming X= H to Bi except for noble gases and A= Cu, Ag, and Au. We show that small atoms (such as H, C, N, O and F) attract electrons from the substrate due to the large electronegativity, which prevent them from passing through voids in the (100) surface. Application of machine learning in predicting rippling amplitude also suggests an importance of the electronegativity. The behaviors of small atoms are further explored by studying (i) lateral displacements of the first layer in the A substrate,(ii) a formation of the X dimer above, below, and across the first layer, and (iii) surface adsorption of X atom on the top, bridge, and hollow sites in Cu (100) surface. The present work provides an example to understand when atoms are not hard spheres.
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