Repositioning the Alpha Cell in Postprandial Metabolism.
Repositioning the Alpha Cell in Postprandial Metabolism.
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DOI：
10.1210/endocr/bqaa169
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Campbell JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
El K;Capozzi ME;Campbell JE
葡萄糖稳态的维持在很大程度上是由于胰岛激素胰岛素和胰高血糖素的作用，分别从β细胞和α细胞分泌。历史叙述将这些激素置于相反的位置，胰岛素主要负责降低葡萄糖和胰高血糖素驱动葡萄糖升高。该领域的最新进展揭示了胰岛素和胰高血糖素之间更复杂的关系，数据表明α细胞输入对β细胞功能和葡萄糖稳态至关重要。此外，营养素激发后胰高血糖素水平降低的常见看法主要是由葡萄糖单独给药对α细胞的抑制作用形成的。最常被忽视的是，混合营养素的挑战，这是更典型的人类喂养的代表，实际上刺激胰高血糖素分泌。因此，餐后代谢与α-细胞活性的升高有关，而不是降低。这篇综述讨论了我们对α细胞如何调节代谢的最新进展，特别关注餐后状态。我们强调α-β-细胞通讯，这个术语描述了α-细胞输入β-细胞是如何调节胰岛素分泌和葡萄糖稳态的关键轴。最后，我们讨论了有可能推进这一领域的开放性问题，并继续发展我们对α细胞在餐后代谢中所起作用的理解。
Glucose homeostasis is maintained in large part due to the actions of the pancreatic islet hormones insulin and glucagon, secreted from β- and α-cells, respectively. The historical narrative positions these hormones in opposition, with insulin primarily responsible for glucose-lowering and glucagon-driving elevations in glucose. Recent progress in this area has revealed a more complex relationship between insulin and glucagon, highlighted by data demonstrating that α-cell input is essential for β-cell function and glucose homeostasis. Moreover, the common perception that glucagon levels decrease following a nutrient challenge is largely shaped by the inhibitory effects of glucose administration alone on the α-cell. Largely overlooked is that a mixed nutrient challenge, which is more representative of typical human feeding, actually stimulates glucagon secretion. Thus, postprandial metabolism is associated with elevations, not decreases, in α-cell activity. This review discusses the recent advances in our understanding of how α-cells regulate metabolism, with a particular focus on the postprandial state. We highlight α- to β-cell communication, a term that describes how α-cell input into β-cells is a critical axis that regulates insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the open questions that have the potential to advance this field and continue to evolve our understanding of the role that α-cells play in postprandial metabolism.