Taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition and homogenization of residential yard vegetation with contrasting management
Taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition and homogenization of residential yard vegetation with contrasting management
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103877
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Hobbie, Sarah E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cubino, Josep Padulles;Cavender-Bares, Jeannine;Hobbie, Sarah E.
城市生物同质化预计在住宅庭院中尤其重要，在那里，环境不同地区相似的人类偏好和管理做法可能导致选择相似的植物物种、密切相关的物种和/或具有相似特征集的物种。我们调查了不同的庭院管理实践如何决定美国六个城市的庭院植物多样性和物种组成，并测试了庭院管理在多大程度上导致了比它们所取代的自然区域或住宅-荒地交界处相对不受管理的区域(“间隙”区域)更同质的分类、系统发育和功能植物群落。我们根据化肥投入频率和景观风格对庭院进行了分类：高投入草坪、低投入草坪和野生动物认证庭院。我们将同质化定义为与自然和间隙区域相比，码数中的平均β多样性和α多样性的方差减少。我们发现，所有类型的住宅庭院，无论其管理方式如何，在功能上都比自然和间隔区的α-和β-多样性更同质。然而，经过野生动物认证的庭院在功能上更接近自然区域，而不是以草坪为主的庭院类型。与自然和间隔区相比，所有堆场类型的系统发育α多样性均一，但分类α多样性的异质性较高。在院子内，分类学、系统发育和功能多样性的相关性很弱，突显了在分类指标之外审查生物多样性多个维度的重要性。我们的发现强调了园艺实践的生态重要性，这些实践既支持生物多样性，又创造出功能不同的居住植物群落。
Urban biotic homogenization is expected to be especially important in residential yards, where similar human preferences and management practices across environmentally heterogeneous regions might lead to the selection of similar plant species, closely related species, and/or species with similar sets of traits. We investigated how different yard management practices determine yard plant diversity and species composition in six cities of the U.S., and tested the extent to which yard management results in more homogeneous taxonomical, phylogenetic, and functional plant communities than the natural areas they replace or than relatively unmanaged areas at the residential-wildland interface ("interstitial" areas). We categorized yards based on fertilizer input frequency and landscaping style: high-input lawns, low-input lawns, and wildlife-certified yards. We defined homogenization as decreased average beta-diversity and decreased variance in alpha-diversity in yards when compared to natural and interstitial areas. We found that all residential yard types regardless of their management were functionally more homogeneous for both alpha- and beta-diversity than the natural and interstitial areas. Nevertheless, wildlife-certified yards were functionally more similar to natural areas than lawn-dominated yard types. All yard types were also more homogeneous in phylogenetic alpha-diversity compared to natural and interstitial areas, but more heterogenous in taxonomic alpha-diversity. Within yards, taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity were weakly correlated, highlighting the importance of examining multiple dimensions of biodiversity beyond taxonomic metrics. Our findings underscore the ecological importance of gardening practices that both support biodiversity and create residential plant communities that are functionally heterogeneous.