Brain Evolution by Design
Brain Evolution by Design
复制标题
大脑的设计进化
DOI：
10.1007/978-4-431-56469-0_17
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bauer R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bauer R
生物体中神经连接的集合现在被称为连接体。利用最近的非侵入性技术，如弥散张量成像和传统的侵入性技术进行尿道追踪，已经发现了从秀丽隐杆线虫和黑腹果蝇到猫、小鼠、大鼠、猕猴和人类的广泛连接体。因此，我们可以开始研究进化过程中的组织变化。同时，细胞谱系信息和不同时间步骤的测量使我们能够观察个体个体发育过程中的网络变化。我们发现，网络的结构与其功能密切相关，不同的功能组件首先导致网络模块，在进一步专业化兴起之后，形成具有不同网络组织级别模块的分层体系结构。我们首先描述用于表征复杂网络的概念，然后继续简要讨论发展和进化的计算模型，然后展示在大脑网络的进化和发展过程中网络特征是如何变化的。最后，我们提出了连接体发展和进化领域的未来挑战。
The set of neural connections in an organism is now called the connectome. Using recent noninvasive techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging and traditional invasive techniques for tract tracing has uncovered a wide range of connectomes fromCaenorhabditis elegansandDrosophila melanogasterto cat, mouse, rat, macaque, and human. We can therefore start to look at organisational changes during evolution. At the same time cell lineage information and measurements at different time steps allow us to observe network changes during individual, ontogenetic development. We find that the structure of a network is closely linked to its function, with distinct functional components first leading to network modules and, after the rise of further specialisation, to a hierarchical architecture with modules at different levels of network organisation. We first describe concepts that are used to characterize complex networks, then move on to briefly discuss computational models for development and evolution, before showing how network features change during the evolution and development of brain networks. We conclude with future challenges in the field of connectome development and evolution.