Contextual effects in sensorimotor adaptation adhere to associative learning rules.
Contextual effects in sensorimotor adaptation adhere to associative learning rules.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.75801
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发表时间：
2022-10-05
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
McDougle SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Avraham G;Taylor JA;Breska A;Ivry RB;McDougle SD
传统的联想学习任务侧重于显着事件和预测这些事件的任意刺激之间形成关联。这在小脑依赖性延迟眨眼条件反射中得到了例证，其中任意线索（例如音调或光）充当条件刺激（CS），预测角膜的厌恶感觉（无条件刺激[US]）。在这里，我们询问是否可以将类似的框架应用于另一种依赖小脑的感觉运动学习——感觉运动适应。感觉运动适应模型假设环境扰动的引入会产生误差信号，该误差信号用于更新运动规划的感觉运动图的内部模型。在这里，我们朝着综合考虑这两种形式的小脑依赖性学习迈出一步，检查联想学习的核心概念与感觉运动适应的相关性。使用视觉运动适应任务，我们将运动相关反馈 (US) 与充当 CS 的中性听觉或视觉上下文线索配对。前馈运动运动学的反复试验变化展示了联想学习的三个关键特征：差异调节、对 CS-US 间隔的敏感性和复合调节。此外，在复合条件作用后，观察到对复合的两个基本 CS 的反应之间存在强大的负相关性（即遮蔽），这与联想学习理论提出的加和原理一致。感觉运动适应中联想学习效应的存在为在共同的理论框架内连接小脑依赖性学习范式提供了概念验证。
Traditional associative learning tasks focus on the formation of associations between salient events and arbitrary stimuli that predict those events. This is exemplified in cerebellar-dependent delay eyeblink conditioning, where arbitrary cues such as a tone or light act as conditioned stimuli (CSs) that predict aversive sensations at the cornea (unconditioned stimulus [US]). Here, we ask if a similar framework could be applied to another type of cerebellar-dependent sensorimotor learning – sensorimotor adaptation. Models of sensorimotor adaptation posit that the introduction of an environmental perturbation results in an error signal that is used to update an internal model of a sensorimotor map for motor planning. Here, we take a step toward an integrative account of these two forms of cerebellar-dependent learning, examining the relevance of core concepts from associative learning for sensorimotor adaptation. Using a visuomotor adaptation reaching task, we paired movement-related feedback (US) with neutral auditory or visual contextual cues that served as CSs. Trial-by-trial changes in feedforward movement kinematics exhibited three key signatures of associative learning: differential conditioning, sensitivity to the CS-US interval, and compound conditioning. Moreover, after compound conditioning, a robust negative correlation was observed between responses to the two elemental CSs of the compound (i.e. overshadowing), consistent with the additivity principle posited by theories of associative learning. The existence of associative learning effects in sensorimotor adaptation provides a proof-of-concept for linking cerebellar-dependent learning paradigms within a common theoretical framework.