Metaphor as Structure Mapping: The Relational Shift.
Metaphor as Structure Mapping: The Relational Shift.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb03194.x
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发表时间：
1988-02
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
D. Gentner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Gentner
根特纳，德雷。作为结构映射的隐喻：关系转变。儿童发展，1988，59，47-59。本研究的目的是通过使用结构映射理论来区分各种隐喻，从而阐明隐喻的发展。特别是，建议孩子们能够先理解基于共享对象属性的隐喻，然后再理解基于共享关系结构的隐喻。这预示着（1）基于共享属性解释隐喻的早期能力，（2）基于共享关系结构解释隐喻的能力的发展增强，以及（3）可以以任何方式理解的隐喻从主要归因解释转变为主要关系解释。进行了 2 个实验来检验这些说法。隐喻有 3 种，不同之处在于构成解释基础的共享信息是归因性的、关系性的还是两者兼而有之。在实验1中，5-6岁的儿童和910以及成人对这3种隐喻进行了解释。他们的解释的归因性和相关性由独立法官进行评分。在实验 2 中，45 岁和 7-8 岁的儿童以及成年人选择了他们更喜欢的两种隐喻解释（关系型或归因型）中的哪一种。在这两个实验中，关系反应随着年龄的增长而显着增加，但归因反应却没有。这些结果表明隐喻解释中的发展转向关注关系结构。
GENTNER, DEDRE. Metaphor as Structure Mapping: The Relational Shift. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1988, 59, 47-59. The goal of this research is to clarify the development of metaphor by using structure-mapping theory to make distinctions among kinds of metaphors. In particular, it is proposed that children can understand metaphors based on shared object attributes before those based on shared relational structure. This predicts (1) early ability to interpret metaphors based on shared attributes, (2) a developmental increase in ability to interpret metaphors based on shared relational structure, and (3) a shift from primarily attributional to primarily relational interpretations for metaphors that can be understood in either way. 2 experiments were performed to test these claims. There were 3 kinds of metaphors, varying in whether the shared information forming the basis for the interpretation was attributional, relational, or both. In Experiment 1, children aged 5-6 and 910 and adults produced interpretations of the 3 types of metaphors. The attributionality and relationality of their interpretations were scored by independent judges. In Experiment 2, children aged 45 and 7-8 and adults chose which of 2 interpretations-relational or attributional-of a metaphor they preferred. In both experiments, relational responding increased significantly with age, but attributional responding did not. These results indicate a developmental shift toward a focus on relational structure in metaphor interpretation.