Spatial and temporal variability in energy and water vapour fluxes observed at seven sites on the Indian subcontinent during 2017
Spatial and temporal variability in energy and water vapour fluxes observed at seven sites on the Indian subcontinent during 2017
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DOI：
10.1002/qj.3688
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发表时间：
2019-12
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
G. Bhat;R. Morrison;C. Taylor;B. Bhattacharya;S. Paleri;D. Desai;J. Evans;Sandeep Pattnaik;M. Sekhar;R. Nigam;A. Sattar;S. Angadi;D. Kacha;A. Patidar;S. Tripathi;K. V. Krishnan;A. Sisodiya
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作者：
G. Bhat;R. Morrison;C. Taylor;B. Bhattacharya;S. Paleri;D. Desai;J. Evans;Sandeep Pattnaik;M. Sekhar;R. Nigam;A. Sattar;S. Angadi;D. Kacha;A. Patidar;S. Tripathi;K. V. Krishnan;A. Sisodiya
在 INCOMPASS 项目下，印度各地的八个地点安装了最先进的基于涡流协方差的表面通量测量系统。这些地点涵盖不同的气候条件、土地利用和土地覆盖以及水管理实践。在这里，我们对七个地点的测量结果进行了初步分析，主要集中在 2017 年，首次量化了印度次大陆季节、气候带和土地管理实践中蒸发分数的显着差异。除了杰伊瑟尔梅尔（Jaisalmer）是所研究的地区中最干燥的以外，所有地点在季风过后到 11 月期间的蒸发分数都保持在 0.5 以上。相比之下，对于那些拥有自然植被或雨养农业的地区，1 月至 5 月干燥时期的蒸发分数仍低于 0.3。在恒河平原中部地区，灌溉和季风前阵雨共同使一月至六月的蒸发分数维持在0.5以上。还观察到，即使在一个地点，不同的变量也表现出不同的季节内变化特征。除位于印度恒河平原中部的萨马斯蒂普尔外，与感热通量和潜热通量相比，风速在更小的时间尺度上显示出光谱峰值。
Under the INCOMPASS project, state of the art eddy‐covariance based surface flux measurement systems were installed at eight locations across India. These sites cover different climatic conditions, land use and land cover, and water management practices. Here we present the initial analysis of the measurements taken at seven sites mainly focusing on the year 2017, quantifying for the first time the remarkable contrasts in evaporative fraction across the seasons, climate zones and land management practices of the Indian subcontinent. With the exception of Jaisalmer which is the driest of the places studied, all the sites maintain values of evaporative fraction above 0.5 after the monsoon through to November. By contrast, for those sites with natural vegetation or rain‐fed agriculture, evaporative fraction remains below 0.3 for the dry January–May period. In the middle Gangetic Plain area, irrigation and pre‐monsoon showers together maintain evaporative fraction above 0.5 between January and June. It is also observed that different variables exhibit different intraseasonal variation characteristics even at one site. Except for Samastipur which is situated in the middle Indo‐Gangetic Plains, wind speed shows spectral peak at a smaller time‐scale compared to sensible and latent heat fluxes.