Bacterial Evasion of Host Antimicrobial Peptide Defenses.
Bacterial Evasion of Host Antimicrobial Peptide Defenses.
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.vmbf-0006-2015
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Nizet V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cole JN;Nizet V
抗菌肽，又称宿主防御肽，是由宿主先天免疫反应产生的自然产生的小分子杀菌分子，其功能是通过诱导有害的细胞膜损伤来杀死病原微生物的第一道防线。AMPS还具有信号和化学吸引活性，可以调节先天免疫反应，以增强保护性免疫或抑制炎症。人类病原体已经进化出防御分子和策略，以对抗和存活由中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞等宿主免疫细胞释放的AMP。在这里，我们综述了人类细菌病原体抵抗AMP介导的杀伤的各种机制，包括表面电荷修饰、主动外排、改变膜流动性、蛋白水解性消化失活以及表面蛋白和多糖的捕获。在分子水平上加强对AMP耐药性的了解，可能有助于深入了解细菌的发病机制，并有助于发现新的治疗靶点和药物设计，用于治疗顽固性多药耐药细菌感染。
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides, are small naturally occurring microbicidal molecules produced by the host innate immune response that function as a first line of defense to kill pathogenic microorganisms by inducing deleterious cell membrane damage. AMPs also possess signaling and chemoattractant activities and can modulate the innate immune response to enhance protective immunity or suppress inflammation. Human pathogens have evolved defense molecules and strategies to counter and survive the AMPs released by host immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. Here, we review the various mechanisms used by human bacterial pathogens to resist AMP-mediated killing, including surface charge modification, active efflux, alteration of membrane fluidity, inactivation by proteolytic digestion, and entrapment by surface proteins and polysaccharides. Enhanced understanding of AMP resistance at the molecular level may offer insight into the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis and augment the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and drug design for the treatment of recalcitrant multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.