Altered genotypic and phenotypic frequencies of aphid populations under enriched CO2 and O3 atmospheres
Altered genotypic and phenotypic frequencies of aphid populations under enriched CO2 and O3 atmospheres
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.1054.x
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发表时间：
2005-11
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
E. Mondor;Michelle N. Tremblay;C. Awmack;R. Lindroth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Mondor;Michelle N. Tremblay;C. Awmack;R. Lindroth
预计环境变化会对植物和动物种群产生负面影响。随着非生物因素迅速改变生境适宜性，预测范围从遗传多样性改变到大范围物种丧失。在这里，我们评估了与环境变化相关的大气成分变化对草食动物种群丰度和基因型/表型多样性的影响程度。利用自由空气CO2和O3富集（FACE）技术，我们评估了豌豆蚜虫（Acyrthosiphon pisum）在富含CO2和/或O3的大气中对蚕豆植物（Vicia faba）表现出粉绿色遗传多态性和环境决定的翅膀多表型的数值反应。我们发现这两种温室气体不仅改变了蚜虫的种群大小，而且改变了基因型和表型频率。由于绿色基因型受CO2浓度升高的正影响，而粉色基因型不受CO2浓度升高的正影响，因此基因型频率（粉色型与绿色型）为1:1 ~ 9:1。这两个基因型在表型频率上也表现出显著差异。在所有大气处理下，粉色基因型均表现出较高的诱导羽化水平，但这种多表型受O3水平升高的负向影响。结果，翅型表型（粉红色形态：绿色形态）的频率从10:1到332:1不等。因此，与环境变化相关的大气条件不仅可能改变总体种群规模，还可能改变草食动物种群的基因型和表型频率，从而影响群落和生态系统功能。
Environmental change is anticipated to negatively affect both plant and animal populations. As abiotic factors rapidly change habitat suitability, projections range from altered genetic diversity to wide‐spread species loss. Here, we assess the degree to which changes in atmospheric composition associated with environmental change will influence not only the abundance, but also the genotypic/phenotypic diversity, of herbivore populations. Using free‐air CO2 and O3 enrichment (FACE) technology, we assess numerical responses of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) exhibiting a pink–green genetic polymorphism and an environmentally determined wing polyphenism on broad bean plants (Vicia faba) under enriched CO2 and/or O3 atmospheres, over multiple generations. We show that these two greenhouse gases alter not only aphid population sizes, but also genotypic and phenotypic frequencies. As the green genotype was positively influenced by elevated CO2 levels, but the pink genotype was not, genotypic frequencies (pink morph : green morph) ranged from 1 : 1 to 9 : 1. These two genotypes also displayed marked differences in phenotypic frequencies. The pink genotype exhibited higher levels of wing induction under all atmospheric treatments, however, this polyphenism was negatively influenced by elevated O3 levels. Resultantly, frequencies of winged phenotypes (pink morph : green morph) varied from 10 : 1 to 332 : 1. Thus, atmospheric conditions associated with environmental change may alter not just overall population sizes, but also genotypic and phenotypic frequencies of herbivore populations, thereby influencing community and ecosystem functioning.