Aggression and Violence in Households of Crack Sellers/Abusers.
Aggression and Violence in Households of Crack Sellers/Abusers.
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DOI：
10.1016/s1068-8595(96)80024-9
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rath, Julia W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dunlap, Eloise;Johnson, Bruce D;Rath, Julia W
虽然家庭环境中的攻击和暴力的后果已被广泛记录，但这些行为的模仿、学习和实践的代际过程尚未牢固确立。这项研究源自对毒品贩子及其家庭系统的一项更大规模的人种学研究，并提供了哈莱姆区一个亲属网络的案例研究，该网络中许多成年人积极参与酒精和烈性毒品的使用和销售。 “启发性事件”表明了成人直接模仿攻击和暴力并被儿童观察和学习的各种过程。攻击和暴力行为在琼斯和史密斯家族中根深蒂固，毒品消费和销售也是如此。成年人经常在毒品和金钱的影响下为毒品或金钱而争斗，并在可卡因和酒精的影响下发生争执。他们对家庭成员进行攻击和暴力，作为对先前攻击和暴力行为的报复或惩罚。攻击性语言和过多的脏话是成年人的常见行为，也是主要的沟通方式；笑话和侮辱会引发争吵，随后往往会引发打斗。大多数在儿童时期遭受身体或性虐待的成年人都会对自己的孩子做出同样的事情，就像一位母亲被女儿用刀刺伤一样。孩子们很少得到特别的关注和支持，几乎没有机会学习非攻击性模式。相反，年轻人学会了模仿成年人的行为，这样攻击性和暴力的代际传播就在这个亲属网络中得到了很好的确立。
While the consequences of aggression and violence in family settings have been extensively documented, the intergenerational processes by which such behaviors are modeled, learned, and practiced have not been firmly established. This research was derived from a larger ethnographic study of crack sellers and their family systems and provides a case study of one kin network in Harlem where many adults were actively involved in alcohol and hard drug use and sales. "Illuminating episodes" suggest the various processes by which aggression and violence were directly modeled by adults and observed and learned by children.Aggression and violent behavior were entrenched in the Jones and Smith family, as was drug consumption and sales. Adults often fought over drugs or money and feuded while under the influence of crack and alcohol. They used aggression and violence against family members as retribution or punishment for previous aggressive and violent acts. Aggressive language and excessive profanity were routine adult behaviors and a major means of communication; jokes and insults led to arguments, often followed by fights. Most adults who were abused physically or sexually as children did the same to their own as when one mother was knifed by her daughter. Children rarely obtained special attention and support and had almost no opportunity to learn nonaggressive patterns. Rather, youths learned to model adult behaviors, such that the intergenerational transmission of aggression and violence was well established in this kin network.