Naturally occurring UBIAD1 mutations differentially affect menaquinone biosynthesis and vitamin K-dependent carboxylation.

Naturally occurring UBIAD1 mutations differentially affect menaquinone biosynthesis and vitamin K-dependent carboxylation.
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DOI:
10.1111/febs.16291
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发表时间:
2022-05
期刊:
The FEBS journal
影响因子:
--
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中科院分区:
其他
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UbiA 异戊二烯基转移酶结构域蛋白 1 (UBIAD1) 负责甲基萘醌 4 (MK-4) 的生物合成,而甲基萘醌是维生素 K 依赖性 (VKD) 蛋白肝外羧化的辅助因子。 UBIAD1的遗传变异主要与施奈德角膜营养不良(SCD)有关,这是一种以角膜中胆固醇异常积累为特征的疾病。体外研究结果表明,SCD 相关的 UBIAD1 突变在 MK-4 生物合成中存在缺陷。然而,SCD 患者并不表现出与 MK-4 或 VKD 羧化缺陷相关的典型表型。在这里,我们将 UBIAD1 的 MK-4 生物合成活性与稳定表达嵌合 VKD 报告蛋白的 HEK293 细胞中的 VKD 羧化结合起来。这些细胞中的内源性 Ubiad1 基因被 CRISPR-Cas9 介导的基因组编辑敲除。通过测定 MK-4 的产量或测量报告蛋白羧化效率,在 Ubiad1 缺陷报告细胞中评估 UBIAD1 突变对 MK-4 生物合成和 VKD 羧化的影响。我们的结果表明,热点突变 N102S 对 MK-4 生物合成有中等影响(保留约 82% 的活性),但不影响 VKD 羧化。然而,G186R 突变显着影响 MK-4 生物合成和 VKD 羧化。其他突变对 MK-4 生物合成和 VKD 羧化表现出不同程度的影响。这些结果与从基因敲入小鼠和 SCD 患者获得的体内结果一致。我们的研究结果表明,UBIAD1 的 MK-4 生物合成活性与 SCD 患者的表型不直接相关。本研究中建立的基于细胞的测定为 UBIAD1 在细胞环境中的功能研究提供了强大的工具。
UbiA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein-1 (UBIAD1) is responsible for the biosynthesis of menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a cofactor for extrahepatic carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins. Genetic variations of UBIAD1 are mainly associated with Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD), a disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of cholesterol in the cornea. Results from in vitro studies demonstrate that SCD-associated UBIAD1 mutations are defective in MK-4 biosynthesis. However, SCD patients do not exhibit typical phenotypes associated with defects of MK-4 or VKD carboxylation. Here, we coupled UBIAD1’s biosynthetic activity of MK-4 with VKD carboxylation in HEK293 cells that stably express a chimeric VKD reporter protein. The endogenous Ubiad1 gene in these cells were knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing. The effect of UBIAD1 mutations on MK-4 biosynthesis and VKD carboxylation were evaluated in Ubiad1-deficient reporter cells by determining the production of MK-4 or by measuring the efficiency of reporter-protein carboxylation. Our results show that the hot-spot mutation N102S has a moderate impact on MK-4 biosynthesis (retained ~82% activity) but does not affect VKD carboxylation. However, the G186R mutation significantly affected both MK-4 biosynthesis and VKD carboxylation. Other mutations exhibit varying degrees of effects on MK-4 biosynthesis and VKD carboxylation. These results are consistent with in vivo results obtained from gene knock-in mice and SCD patients. Our findings suggest that UBIAD1’s MK-4 biosynthetic activity does not directly correlate with the phenotypes of SCD patients. The established cell-based assays in this study provide a powerful tool for the functional studies of UBIAD1 in a cellular milieu.
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