Effects of Microgravity on the Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Effects of Microgravity on the Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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DOI：
10.1089/ast.2013.0986
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Allen, Patricia L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hammond, Timothy G.;Stodieck, Louis;Allen, Patricia L.
为了评估微重力对毒力的影响，我们研究了四种常见的临床病原体单核细胞增生李斯特菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、粪肠球菌和白色念珠菌杀死野生型秀丽隐杆线虫（C.线虫）的幼虫和成虫阶段。同时进行研究，利用航天，在2-D clinorotation设备，和静态地面控制。对死亡的E.大肠杆菌不受航天或自转的影响。分离线虫、微生物和生长培养基，直至暴露于真实或模拟微重力，然后混合并生长48小时。通过多聚甲醛固定终止实验，并使用光密度测量来测定残留微生物。太空飞行与李斯特菌、肠球菌、MRSA和念珠菌幼虫和成虫的毒力降低有关。优美的这是在太空中使用直接体内测定系统获得的第一批数据，以证明毒力。Clinorotation再现航天飞行的影响，在一些，但不是所有的，毒力测定：念珠菌和肠球菌的幼虫蠕虫，但不是成虫的毒力较低，而MRSA和李斯特菌的毒力不受clinorotation在测试与成人和幼虫蠕虫。我们的结论是，四种常见的临床微生物在太空中的毒性都较低。关键词：毒力航天线虫回转微重力微生物。Astrobiology 13，1081-1090.
To evaluate effects of microgravity on virulence, we studied the ability of four common clinical pathogensListeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicansto kill wild type Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) nematodes at the larval and adult stages. Simultaneous studies were performed utilizing spaceflight, clinorotation in a 2-D clinorotation device, and static ground controls. The feeding rate of worms for killed E. coli was unaffected by spaceflight or clinorotation. Nematodes, microbes, and growth media were separated until exposed to true or modeled microgravity, then mixed and grown for 48h. Experiments were terminated by paraformaldehyde fixation, and optical density measurements were used to assay residual microorganisms. Spaceflight was associated with reduced virulence for Listeria, Enterococcus, MRSA, and Candida for both larval and adult C. elegans. These are the first data acquired with a direct in vivo assay system in space to demonstrate virulence. Clinorotation reproduced the effects of spaceflight in some, but not all, virulence assays: Candida and Enterococcus were less virulent for larval worms but not adult worms, whereas virulence of MRSA and Listeria were unaffected by clinorotation in tests with both adult and larval worms. We conclude that four common clinical microorganisms are all less virulent in space. Key Words: VirulenceSpaceflightNematodesClinorotationMicrogravityMicroorganism. Astrobiology 13, 1081-1090.