THE EPIDEMIC THEORY OF GHETTOS AND NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS ON DROPPING OUT AND TEENAGE CHILDBEARING
THE EPIDEMIC THEORY OF GHETTOS AND NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS ON DROPPING OUT AND TEENAGE CHILDBEARING
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DOI：
10.1086/229654
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发表时间：
1991-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
CRANE, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CRANE, J
为什么贫民窟的社会问题如此严重？本文提出，贫民窟是经历过社会问题流行的社区。这一理论的一个重要含义是，在大城市中，邻里对社会问题的影响模式应该是非线性的。随着邻里质量的下降，个人出现社会问题的可能性会急剧增加。跳跃应该发生在邻域质量分布底部附近的某个地方。通过分析邻里对辍学和青少年生育的影响模式来检验这一假设。该分析强烈支持这一假设，但某些亚组除外。即使在控制了个人特征之后，黑人和白人青少年在大城市最糟糕的社区中辍学和生孩子的风险也会急剧增加。
Why are the social problems of ghettos so bad? This article proposes that ghettos are communities that have experienced epidemics of social problems. One important implication of this theory is that the pattern of neighborhood effects on social problems should be nonlinear in large cities. As neighborhood quality decreases, there should be a sharp increase in the probability that an individual will develop a social problem. The jump should occur somewhere near the bottom of the distribution of neighborhood quality. This hypothesis is tested by analyzing the pattern of neighborhood effects on dropping out and teenage childbearing. The analysis strongly supports the hypothesis, with exceptions for certain subgroups. Even after controlling for individual characteristics, black and white adolescents are exposed to sharp increases in the risk of dropping out and having a child in the worst neighborhoods in large cities.