The Hawaii-2 Observatory: Observation of Nanoearthquakes

The Hawaii-2 Observatory: Observation of Nanoearthquakes
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Hawaii-2 天文台:纳米地震观测

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发表时间:
2003
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通讯作者:
R. Butler
R. Butler
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作者:
R. Butler

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夏威夷-2天文台(H2O; http://www.iris.edu/GSN/)于1998年在夏威夷和加州之间的海底建立(图1),使用退役的ATT Duennebier等人,2002年; Harris和Duennebier,2002年; Pettit等人,2002年)。这是全球地震监测网的第一个海底地震监测站。现场仪器包括一个宽带Guralp CMG-3和4.5 Hz Geospace HS 1地震检波器,埋在海底泥浆中0.5 m,以及一个OAS E2 PD水听器,位于海底上方0.5 m处。所有数据都以160 sps的速度连续采样,并通过夏威夷-2电缆发送到Oakland,然后由夏威夷大学分发到IRIS。数据可通过互联网实时地震服务器(利斯)实时提供,太平洋海啸警报中心和国家地震网正在使用这些数据。2002年初,大洋钻探计划在目前的H2O仪器东北约1.5公里处的玄武岩中钻了一个29±1米深的沉积物钻孔,作为未来钻孔传感器的地点(Stephen等人,2003年)。 图1. (左)夏威夷-2天文台位于北纬27° 52.916,西经141° 59.504,位于檀香山东北偏东1,750公里处(Butler等人,2000年)。该遗址位于Murray和Molokai断裂带之间,深度为4,979米,主要是陆源,远洋粘土。大洋地壳的年龄为始新世(45-50百万年)。并且是正常的,但是快速扩散,扩散半速率为7 cm/y。(top(中)夏威夷-2号电缆终止于奥廷加西部,在考艾岛和奥廷加之间经过,然后向东北方向穿越至加州,(右)深海测深在15,000平方公里的区域内局部平坦,在约30,000平方公里的区域内,深海丘陵高度不到500米。
The Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O; http://www.iris.edu/GSN/) was established on the seafloor between Hawaii and California (Figure 1) in 1998 using the retired ATT Duennebier et al. , 2002; Harris and Duennebier, 2002; Pettit et al. , 2002). This is the first undersea seismic station in the Global Seismographic Network. The on-site instrumentation includes a broadband Guralp CMG-3 and 4.5 Hz Geospace HS1 geophones, buried 0.5 m into the sea-floor mud, and an OAS E2PD hydrophone 0.5 m above the seafloor. All of the data are natively sampled at 160 sps continuously and sent via the Hawaii-2 cable to Oahu, where they are distributed by the University of Hawaii to IRIS. Data are available in real-time via a Live Internet Seismic Server (LISS) server and are being used by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center and the National Seismic Network. In early 2002, the Ocean Drilling Program drilled a borehole through 29±1 m of sediment into basalt about 1.5 km northeast of the current H2O instrumentation as a site for a future borehole sensor (Stephen et al. , 2003). Figure 1. (left) The Hawaii-2 Observatory at 27° 52.916 N, 141° 59.504 W is sited 1,750 km east-northeast of Honolulu (Butler et al. , 2000). The site lies between the Murray and Molokai Fracture Zones at 4,979 m depth on predominantly terrigeneous, pelagic clay. The oceanic crust is of Eocene age (45–50 m.y.) and is normal but fast-spreading with a spreading half-rate of 7 cm/y. (top, center) The Hawaii-2 cable terminates in western Oahu and passes between Kauai and Oahu before traversing northeast toward California, (right) The abyssal bathymetry is locally flat in a ∼5,000 km2 region with abyssal hills rising less than 500 m high at about 30 …