Reconstruction of things past: Why do some memories feel so close and others so far away?
Reconstruction of things past: Why do some memories feel so close and others so far away?
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重建过去的事情：为什么有些记忆感觉如此接近，而另一些记忆却如此遥远？
DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.003
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Trope,Yaacov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kyung,EllieJ;Menon,Geeta;Trope,Yaacov
识解水平理论的绝大多数工作都着眼于未来。通过一系列关于事件知识的研究，我们回顾了过去，并证明了识解心态可以实质性地影响过去事件如何在记忆中重建。具体地说，以更具体的心态回忆的事件比以抽象的心态回忆的事件主观上感觉更接近(研究1-3)。我们提出的证据表明，这是因为一种具体的心态实际上会让人们感觉他们知道的更多，即使他们最初接触的是同一组信息-感知信息的可及性在解释水平对时间距离的影响中起到中介作用(研究2)。识解水平对记忆重建的影响延伸到对责备的判断，其中时间距离越大的判断越倾向于将负面事件归咎于当事人，而时间距离调节了这些判断(研究3)。总而言之，这些研究首次证明，回忆一件事情时所采用的心态会塑造它的记忆。
The vast majority of work in construal level theory focuses prospectively on the future. Through a series of studies controlling for knowledge about an event, we look retrospectively at the past and demonstrate that construal mindsets can materially influence how a past event is reconstructed in memory. Specifically, an event recalled in a more concrete mindset feels subjectively closer than when recalled in an abstract mindset (Studies 1–3). We present evidence suggesting this is because a concrete mindset actually makes people feel as though they know more, even if they were initially exposed to the same set of information—perceived information accessibility mediates the effect of construal level on temporal distance (Study 2). The effect of construal level on memory reconstruction extends to judgments of blame, where judgments of greater temporal distance drive a greater propensity to blame parties for negative events and temporal distance mediates these judgments (Study 3). Together, these studies are the first to demonstrate that the mindset employed when recalling an event shapes its remembrance.