Rivers and River Deities in Roman Period in the Croatian Part of Pannonnia
Rivers and River Deities in Roman Period in the Croatian Part of Pannonnia
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潘诺尼亚克罗地亚地区罗马时期的河流和河神
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
Ante Rendić
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作者：
Ante Rendić
本文的目的是指出罗马潘诺尼亚省克罗地亚部分有关河流航行以及河神的崇拜的一些评论。在罗马时期，最重要的河流是欧洲最大的河流，例如莱茵河和多瑙河，它们连接着欧洲大陆的北部与南部以及西部与东部地区。除了帝国的边界河流多瑙河（Danuvius，Danubius）之外，潘诺尼亚克罗地亚部分最重要的交通、经济、贸易以及战略和军事事务的河流还有德拉瓦河（Dravus）和萨瓦河（Savus），根据具体情况还有库帕河（Colapis）以及博苏特河（Bathinus）等。这在文学资料和大量考古发现中得到了承认。在它们的河岸上修建了重要的城市中心，以及配套的基础设施、港口、桥梁等。在这种情况下，西夏一块砖上的铭文具有启发性，证明了西夏在库帕河两岸有两个港口的事实。最重要的城市中心是西夏（Sisak）、穆尔萨（Osijek）和西巴拉（Vinkovci）殖民地。同时，西西亚通过萨瓦河与锡米乌姆（Srijemska Mitrovica）相连，潘诺尼亚舰队（Classis Pannonica）在其上巡逻（在韦斯帕芗统治期间获得了弗拉维亚的荣誉称号）。
The purpose of this contribution is to point out several remarks on river navigation, as well as on worship of river deities, in the Croatian part of the Roman province of Pannonia. The rivers were at the Roman period the most important were the largest European rivers, such as the Rhine and the Danube, both connecting the northern with the southern and the western with the eastern regions of the continent. Besides the Danube (Danuvius, Danubius), the border river of the Empire, the most important rivers for traffic, economy, trade, and often also for strategic and military matters of Croatian part of Pannonia were the Drava (Dravus) and the Sava (Savus), together with, due to specific circumstances, the Kupa (Colapis), as well as the Bosut (Bathinus) and some others. This is recognized in literary sources and in a vast number of archaeological finds. On their banks were built important urban centres, together with accompanying infrastructure, harbours, bridges, etc. In this context, an inscription on a brick from Siscia is suggestive, testifying the fact that there were two harbours in Siscia, on both banks of the Kupa river. The most important urban centres were the colonies of Siscia (Sisak), Mursa (Osijek) and Cibalae (Vinkovci). At the same time, Siscia was connected with Sirmium (Srijemska Mitrovica) by the Sava river, and the Pannonian fleet (Classis Pannonica) patrolled upon it (it received the honorary title Flavia during Vespasian’s reign).