Sex differences in the development of termite-fishing skills in the wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, of Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Sex differences in the development of termite-fishing skills in the wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, of Gombe National Park, Tanzania
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.12.014
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Lonsdorf, EV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lonsdorf, EV
贡贝国家公园的所有小黑猩猩在5岁半的时候都掌握了一种叫做“钓白蚁”的技能。白蚁捕鱼涉及插入一个灵活的工具制成的植被到白蚁丘和提取白蚁的攻击和坚持的工具。虽然工具使用在黑猩猩中是一个众所周知的现象，但人们对这种技能在野外是如何发展的却知之甚少。先前的研究发现，成年人在使用工具的频率、持续时间和效率上存在性别差异，女性在所有指标上的得分都更高。为了调查这些性别差异是否发生在青少年身上，我进行了一项为期4年的纵向实地研究，在此期间，我观察并录像了年轻黑猩猩的白蚁捕捞行为的发展。这项技能的关键要素包括识别一个洞，制作一个工具，将一个工具插入一个洞和提取白蚁。这些元素出现在相同的顺序在所有科目的发展过程中，但女性通常达到高峰至少一年前比男性在其性能的技能，白蚁捕鱼。此外，年轻的女性成功白蚁捕鱼平均27个月前比年轻的男性和收购后发生的技能更熟练。此外，雌性后代的技术非常类似于他们的母亲，而雄性后代的技术没有，这表明雄性和雌性黑猩猩学习白蚁捕鱼的过程不同。(c)2005年，动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
By the age of 5.5 years, all of the young chimpanzees of Gombe National Park have acquired a skill known as 'termite fishing'. Termite fishing involves inserting a flexible tool made from vegetation into a termite mound and extracting the termites that attack and cling to the tool. Although tool use is a well-known phenomenon in chimpanzees, little is known about how such skills develop in the wild. Prior studies have found adult sex differences in frequency, duration and efficiency of tool-using tasks, with females scoring higher on all measures. To investigate whether these sex differences occurred in youngsters, I performed a 4-year longitudinal field study during which I observed and videotaped young chimpanzees' development of the termite-fishing behaviour. Critical elements of the skill included identifying a hole, making a tool, inserting a tool into a hole and extracting termites. These elements appeared in the same order during the development of all subjects, but females typically peaked at least a year earlier than males in their performance of the skills that precede termite fishing. In addition, young females successfully termite-fished an average of 27 months earlier than young males and were more proficient at the skill after acquisition had occurred. Furthermore, the techniques of female offspring closely resembled those of their mothers whereas the techniques of male offspring did not, suggesting that the process by which termite fishing is learned differs for male and female chimpanzees. (c) 2005 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.