Introducing the 2-DROPS model for two-dimensional simulation of crop roots and pesticide within the soil-root zone.
Introducing the 2-DROPS model for two-dimensional simulation of crop roots and pesticide within the soil-root zone.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.076
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发表时间：
2017-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Agatz;Colin D. Brown
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Agatz;Colin D. Brown
在过去30年中，已经开发了农药在土壤中的归宿和行为的数学模型。大多数模型成功地模拟了农药在一维系统中的命运，支持一系列应用，其中预测目标是土壤中的散装残留物或土壤区外的接收室。然而，有人认为，一维方法限制了在特定农药放置策略下农药归宿知识的应用，例如种子，犁沟和带状施用以控制害虫和杂草。（2-滴;二维根和农药模拟）参数化的玉米，我们提出了模拟调查农药性质的影响（噻虫嗪、毒死蜱、噻虫胺和七氟菊酯），农药放置策略（种子处理、犁沟、条播和撒播）和土壤性质（两个粉质粘壤土和两个壤土表层土，其中一个粉质粘壤土，粉质壤土，桑迪壤土或松散基岩在较低的视野）对土壤剖面中的微尺度农药分布。2-DROPS是我们所知的第一个模型，模拟时间-以及在根段明确和随机发育的影响下，土壤剖面中水分和农药的空间明确迁移。这使得该模型能够描述农药在根段的微尺度运动，并构成了一个重要的除了相对于现有的模型。实例运行表明，农药移动局部向根段由于植物蒸腾的水提取，土壤表层的持水能力决定农药运输向土壤表面响应土壤蒸发，土壤类型影响农药分布区在各个方向。2-与现有模型相比，DROPS提供了关于微尺度根和农药外观的更详细的信息，并提供了在根/土壤界面调查针对害虫控制的策略的可能性。
Mathematical models of pesticide fate and behaviour in soils have been developed over the last 30 years. Most models simulate fate of pesticides in a 1-dimensional system successfully, supporting a range of applications where the prediction target is either bulk residues in soil or receiving compartments outside of the soil zone. Nevertheless, it has been argued that the 1-dimensional approach is limiting the application of knowledge on pesticide fate under specific pesticide placement strategies, such as seed, furrow and band applications to control pests and weeds.We report a new model (2-DROPS; 2-Dimensional ROots and Pesticide Simulation) parameterised for maize and we present simulations investigating the impact of pesticide properties (thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos, clothianidin and tefluthrin), pesticide placement strategies (seed treatment, furrow, band and broadcast applications), and soil properties (two silty clay loam and two loam top soils with either silty clay loam, silt loam, sandy loam or unconsolidated bedrock in the lower horizons) on microscale pesticide distribution in the soil profile.2-DROPS is to our knowledge the first model that simulates temporally- and spatially-explicit water and pesticide transport in the soil profile under the influence of explicit and stochastic development of root segments. This allows the model to describe microscale movement of pesticide in relation to root segments, and constitutes an important addition relative to existing models. The example runs demonstrate that the pesticide moves locally towards root segments due to water extraction for plant transpiration, that the water holding capacity of the top soil determines pesticide transport towards the soil surface in response to soil evaporation, and that the soil type influences the pesticide distribution zone in all directions. 2-DROPS offers more detailed information on microscale root and pesticide appearance compared to existing models and provides the possibility to investigate strategies targeting control of pests at the root/soil interface.